{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T23:24:33Z","timestamp":1787009073441,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,21]],"date-time":"2024-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718928000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":10,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Hair analysis can provide chronological insights into past drug use for months to years after drug administration. In comparison to analyses from other biological matrices, such as blood and urine, sample pretreatment is often tedious and not environmental friendly. In this study, we present a more environmental friendly approach to hair analysis using micropulverized hair and electromembrane extraction for the efficient extraction of 15 drugs of abuse, prescription drugs, and metabolites from hair. The optimized extraction method, involving micropulverization, demonstrated comparable yields to the standard approach of cutting and overnight incubation. A 15-min extraction method using a commercial electromembrane extraction prototype was developed and validated according to forensic guidelines, using only 10\u2009\u00b5L of organic solvent per sample. The final method, employing HPLC\u2013MS\u2013MS with a biphenyl column, exhibited good linearity, precision, and sensitivity. An AgreePrep assessment comparing the environmental impact of our method with the standard routine method, involving overnight incubation and conventional liquid\u2013liquid extraction, was conducted. This is the first time micropulverized hair has been subjected to electromembrane extraction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkae051","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,10]],"date-time":"2024-06-10T09:44:26Z","timestamp":1718012666000},"page":"489-498","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Electromembrane extraction of drugs of abuse and prescription drugs from micropulverized hair"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2072-4810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Sch\u00fcller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo , Oslo 0316, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marianne Skov-Skov","family":"Bergh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Sciences, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo 0424, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stig","family":"Pedersen-Bjergaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo , Oslo 0316, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen 2100, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0781-6865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisabeth Leere","family":"\u00d8iestad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo , Oslo 0316, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Forensic Sciences, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo 0424, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024082121410539000_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ftd.0000211811.27558.b5","article-title":"Hair analysis for drug detection","volume":"28","author":"Kintz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ther Drug Monit"},{"key":"2024082121410539000_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chc.2016.02.005","article-title":"Objective testing: urine and other drug tests","volume":"25","author":"Hadland","year":"2016","journal-title":"Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am"},{"key":"2024082121410539000_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.1812","article-title":"Preparation of longitudinal sections of hair samples for the analysis of cocaine by MALDI-MS\/MS and TOF-SIMS imaging","volume":"7","author":"Flinders","year":"2015","journal-title":"Drug Test 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