{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T08:56:59Z","timestamp":1769590619759,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]],"date-time":"2025-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751587200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000016","name":"Department of Health and Human Services","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000016","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Tobacco cigarette smoking is the leading cause of preventable diseases and death in the USA. Exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) can also cause heart disease, lung cancer, and respiratory illness. Cotinine (COT) and trans-3\u2032-hydroxycotinine (HCT) are the primary metabolites of nicotine, the main addictive alkaloid in tobacco products. For many years, we have measured serum levels of COT and HCT in National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES) participants to monitor exposure of the US population to active smoking and SHS. As exposure to SHS is decreasing, a more sensitive analytical method is needed to detect the lower levels of these biomarkers for SHS assessment. We developed and validated a new automated method for the detection of COT and HCT in human serum. We implemented a new liquid handling automation system to aliquot and prepare samples using supported liquid extraction. Samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography\u2013tandem mass spectrometry. The new automated sample preparation method increases sample throughput by reducing sample cleanup time to 2\u2009hours for preparing a 96-well plate. The method has excellent sensitivity, specificity, precision (&amp;lt;10%), and accuracy (\u00b115%). We were able to lower the estimated limit of detection (LOD) for COT by 33% and HCT by 73% from our previous LOD. The new LODs for COT and HCT are 0.010 and 0.004\u2009ng\/mL, respectively. These lower LODs would enable better detection of SHS in future NHANES surveys.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkaf059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T08:00:56Z","timestamp":1751443256000},"page":"664-672","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A new automated method for the analysis of cotinine and trans-3\u2032-hydroxycotinine in serum by LC\u2013MS\/MS"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6723-6320","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danielle L","family":"Hopkins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , 4770 Buford Hwy , Atlanta, GA 30341,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3107-8823","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Madeline L","family":"Weaver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education , Oak Ridge, TN 37830,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Connie","family":"Sosnoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , 4770 Buford Hwy , Atlanta, GA 30341,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3845-8469","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rayaj","family":"Ahamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , 4770 Buford Hwy , Atlanta, GA 30341,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6620-7096","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lanqing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , 4770 Buford Hwy , Atlanta, GA 30341,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4702-1525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiffany H","family":"Seyler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , 4770 Buford Hwy , Atlanta, GA 30341,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026012714122026200_bkaf059-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1914","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.28695","article-title":"The 2014 Surgeon General\u2019s report: \u201cThe health consequences of smoking\u201450 years of progress\u201d: a paradigm shift in cancer care","volume":"120","author":"Warren","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"2026012714122026200_bkaf059-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7111a1","article-title":"Tobacco product use among adults\u2013United States, 2020","volume":"71","author":"Cornelius","year":"2022","journal-title":"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report"},{"key":"2026012714122026200_bkaf059-B3","author":"Office on S, Health","year":"2006"},{"key":"2026012714122026200_bkaf059-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1136\/tc.6.4.346","article-title":"Health effects of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke. 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