{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T02:47:56Z","timestamp":1788922076143,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]],"date-time":"2025-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751241600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013213","name":"ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013213","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study evaluated the performance of the Immunalysis Tapentadol 343 Urine Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA) screening kit, focusing on the prevalence of false-positive results due to cross-reactivity with tramadol. Tapentadol is a dual-action analgesic, modulating \u03bc-opioid receptors and inhibiting norepinephrine reuptake, while tramadol, a structurally related compound, is a weak \u03bc-opioid receptor agonist and norepinephrine\/serotonin reuptake inhibitor. Cross-reactivity between these compounds can complicate urine drug screening results for adherence monitoring in chronic pain management. A total of 28 samples initially produced false-positive results for tapentadol BNl using the Immunalysis Tapentadol 343 Urine EIA screening kit. Liquid chromatography\u2013tandem mass spectrometry (LC\u2013MS\/MS) was used to confirm the absence of tapentadol. Of the false-positive samples, 61% contained tramadol at concentrations below the manufacturer-reported cross-reactivity threshold of 60 000\u2009ng\/mL, indicating assay limitations in specificity. To address this issue, a newly reformulated Immunalysis Tapentadol 343UR Urine HEIA kit was evaluated for tramadol cross-reactivity. Upon retesting the 28 false-positive samples with the reformulated kit, no false positives were detected, with results consistent with LC\u2013MS\/MS confirmation. The rate of false-positive tapentadol screens in urine has substantially reduced since the implementation of the new tapentadol kit in routine testing. These findings demonstrate the importance of assay verification to assess cross-reactivity, particularly for structurally related compounds. The reformulated Immunalysis Tapentadol 343UR kit shows improved specificity, reducing false-positive rates and enhancing the accuracy of tapentadol detection in clinical and forensic toxicology applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkaf060","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,29]],"date-time":"2025-06-29T07:31:04Z","timestamp":1751182264000},"page":"713-718","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Immunalysis tapentadol assay reformulation resolves tramadol interference"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Adeolu O","family":"Adegoke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Utah Health , Salt Lake City, UT 84132,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"ARUP Laboratories , Salt Lake City, UT 84108,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandria N","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology , Salt Lake City, UT 84108,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"ARUP Laboratories , Salt Lake City, UT 84108,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonia L","family":"La\u2019ulu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology , Salt Lake City, UT 84108,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"ARUP Laboratories , Salt Lake City, UT 84108,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chelsie","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ARUP Laboratories , Salt Lake City, UT 84108,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph W","family":"Rudolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Utah Health , Salt Lake City, UT 84132,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"ARUP Laboratories , Salt Lake City, UT 84108,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4935-8930","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica M","family":"Boyd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Utah Health , Salt Lake City, UT 84132,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"ARUP Laboratories , Salt Lake City, UT 84108,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7943-6784","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kamisha L","family":"Johnson-Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Utah Health , Salt Lake City, UT 84132,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"ARUP Laboratories , Salt Lake City, UT 84108,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026012714121953700_bkaf060-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpain.2010.06.017","article-title":"Tapentadol and its two mechanisms of action: Is there a new pharmacological class of centrally-acting analgesics on the horizon?","volume":"14","author":"Kress","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Pain"},{"key":"2026012714121953700_bkaf060-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-014-0151-9","article-title":"The mu-opioid receptor agonist\/noradrenaline reuptake inhibition (MOR-NRI) concept in analgesia: the case of tapentadol","volume":"28","author":"Tzschentke","year":"2014","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"key":"2026012714121953700_bkaf060-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)11227-5","article-title":"Opioid and nonopioid components independently contribute to the mechanism of action of tramadol, an \u2018atypical\u2019 opioid analgesic","volume":"260","author":"Raffa","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"2026012714121953700_bkaf060-B4","author":"Drug Enforcement Administration"},{"key":"2026012714121953700_bkaf060-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1177\/0897190010380463","article-title":"Interferences with urine drug screens","volume":"24","author":"Herring","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Pharm Pract"},{"key":"2026012714121953700_bkaf060-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ES119","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2012\/15\/ES119","article-title":"Urine drug testing: current recommendations and best practices","volume":"15","author":"Burton","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"key":"2026012714121953700_bkaf060-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2011\/14\/175","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of the accuracy of immunoassay with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC\/MS\/MS) of urine drug testing (UDT) opioids and illicit drugs in chronic pain patients","volume":"14","author":"Manchikanti","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"key":"2026012714121953700_bkaf060-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2011\/14\/123","article-title":"Urine drug testing in chronic pain","volume":"14","author":"Christo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"key":"2026012714121953700_bkaf060-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.5055\/jom.2007.0044","article-title":"Urine drug test interpretation: what do physicians know?","volume":"3","author":"Reisfield","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Opioid Manag"},{"key":"2026012714121953700_bkaf060-B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/aqae095","article-title":"Assessing knowledge gaps and educational needs in urine drug test interpretation among health care professionals","volume":"163","author":"Snozek","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"2026012714121953700_bkaf060-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.5858\/134.5.735","article-title":"Interpretation and utility of drug of abuse immunoassays: lessons from laboratory drug testing surveys","volume":"134","author":"Melanson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"2026012714121953700_bkaf060-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkv133","article-title":"A retrospective analysis of urine drugs of abuse immunoassay true positive rates at a national reference laboratory","volume":"40","author":"Johnson-Davis","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Anal Toxicol"},{"key":"2026012714121953700_bkaf060-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-3252-8_18","article-title":"Quantitation of ethyl glucuronide and ethyl sulfate in urine using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC\u2013MS\/MS)","volume":"1383","author":"Slawson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"key":"2026012714121953700_bkaf060-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-3252-8_12","article-title":"Quantitation of carisoprodol and meprobamate in urine and plasma using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC\u2013MS\/MS)","volume":"1383","author":"Slawson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"key":"2026012714121953700_bkaf060-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-3252-8_8","article-title":"Quantitation of buprenorphine, norbuprenorphine, buprenorphine glucuronide, norbuprenorphine glucuronide, and naloxone in urine by LC\u2013MS\/MS","volume":"1383","author":"Marin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"key":"2026012714121953700_bkaf060-B16","first-page":"289","article-title":"Metabolic patterns of fentanyl, meperidine, methylphenidate, tapentadol and tramadol observed in urine, serum or plasma","volume":"41","author":"Wu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Anal Toxicol"},{"key":"2026012714121953700_bkaf060-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bku075","article-title":"False-positive interferences of common urine drug screen immunoassays: a review","volume":"38","author":"Saitman","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Anal Toxicol"},{"key":"2026012714121953700_bkaf060-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bks064","article-title":"Cross-reactivity of tapentadol specimens with DRI methadone enzyme immunoassay","volume":"36","author":"Collins","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Anal Toxicol"},{"key":"2026012714121953700_bkaf060-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/32.5.339","article-title":"Effect of tramadol use on three point-of-care and one instrument-based immunoassays for urine buprenorphine","volume":"32","author":"Shaikh","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Anal Toxicol"},{"key":"2026012714121953700_bkaf060-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/16.4.211","article-title":"Evaluation of six commercial amphetamine and methamphetamine immunoassays for cross-reactivity to phenylpropanolamine and ephedrine in urine","volume":"16","author":"D\u2019Nicuola","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Anal Toxicol"},{"key":"2026012714121953700_bkaf060-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/34.9.587","article-title":"Trazodone, meta-chlorophenylpiperazine (an hallucinogenic drug and trazodone metabolite), and the hallucinogen trifluoromethylphenylpiperazine cross-react with the EMIT\u00aeII ecstasy immunoassay in urine","volume":"34","author":"Logan","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Anal Toxicol"},{"key":"2026012714121953700_bkaf060-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/34.4.229","article-title":"Development and validation of a high-performance liquid chromatography method for the evaluation of niflumic acid cross-reactivity of two commercial immunoassays for cannabinoids in urine","volume":"34","author":"Kovatsi","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Anal Toxicol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Analytical Toxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jat\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jat\/bkaf060\/63628269\/bkaf060.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jat\/article-pdf\/49\/9\/713\/63628269\/bkaf060.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jat\/article-pdf\/49\/9\/713\/63628269\/bkaf060.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T19:12:27Z","timestamp":1769541147000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jat\/article\/49\/9\/713\/8178590"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jat\/bkaf060","relation":{},"ISSN":["0146-4760","1945-2403"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0146-4760","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-2403","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]]}}}