{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T16:07:13Z","timestamp":1781626033316,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779062400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The dissociative anesthetic phencyclidine (PCP) remains an encountered analyte in typical routine testing in forensic toxicology. Herein, we describe a validated GC\/MS method for PCP measurement in subjects using human head and body hair with a limit of detection (LOD) of 100\u2009pg PCP\/mg hair, with method linearity established from 100 to 15\u2009000\u2009pg PCP\/mg hair. The GC\/MS method was used to analyze samples from the USA workplace drug testing population (n\u2009=\u2009368 samples) containing PCP over the years 2021 to 2025. The statistical comparison of PCP median concentrations for samples reported as black or brown in color or samples collected using head or body hair found no significant median concentration difference in either case. Many of the samples (65%) had the concurrent presence of at least one additional drug other than PCP, with cocaine (50%), amphetamines (20%), and cannabinoids (18%) as the most commonly observed drug substances. With the exception of an increased median concentration in year 2021, annual PCP median hair concentrations over the time period of this manuscript were stable.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkag029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T12:13:13Z","timestamp":1778674393000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A retrospective review of phencyclidine in hair samples of subjects from the United States workplace drug testing population"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"50","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2076-4505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G Neil","family":"Stowe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychemedics Corporation , 5832 Uplander Way , Culver City, CA 90230,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elvan","family":"Loni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychemedics Corporation , 5832 Uplander Way , Culver City, CA 90230,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alejandro","family":"Gonzalez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychemedics Corporation , 5832 Uplander Way , Culver City, CA 90230,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryo","family":"Furukawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychemedics Corporation , 5832 Uplander Way , Culver City, CA 90230,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-7331-2871","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryan B","family":"Paulsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychemedics Corporation , 5832 Uplander Way , Culver City, CA 90230,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael I","family":"Schaffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Non-Affiliated ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marvin","family":"Pietruszka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychemedics Corporation , 5832 Uplander Way , Culver City, CA 90230,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026061611320019200_bkag029-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1002\/prac.19261130107","article-title":"Zur kenntnis hydroaromatischer alkamine","volume":"113","author":"Kotz","year":"1926","journal-title":"J Prakt Chem"},{"key":"2026061611320019200_bkag029-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1021\/jm00326a019","article-title":"The synthesis of phencyclidine and other 1-arylcyclohexylamines","volume":"8","author":"Maddox","year":"1965","journal-title":"J Med Chem"},{"key":"2026061611320019200_bkag029-B3","first-page":"283","article-title":"A study of a 1-arylcyclohexylamine for anesthesia","volume":"37","author":"Greifenstein","year":"1958","journal-title":"Anesthes Analges Curr Res"},{"key":"2026061611320019200_bkag029-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2459","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.8b00266","article-title":"DARK classics in chemical neuroscience: phencyclidine (PCP)","volume":"9","author":"Bertron","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Chem Neurosci"},{"key":"2026061611320019200_bkag029-B5","first-page":"97","volume-title":"Forensic Pharmacology.","author":"Zedeck","year":"2007"},{"key":"2026061611320019200_bkag029-B6","first-page":"9","article-title":"Phencyclidine intoxication and adverse effects: a clinical and pharmacological review of an illicit drug","volume":"8","author":"Bey","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cal J Emerg Med"},{"key":"2026061611320019200_bkag029-B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3099","DOI":"10.1111\/add.15987","article-title":"Adolescent and adult time trends in US hallucinogen use, 2002-2019; 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