{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T17:16:57Z","timestamp":1783358217234,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781827200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":18,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The performance of the SAMElife\u2122 rapid hair screening kit was evaluated for the detection of drugs of abuse in 31 anonymized hair samples, encompassing 217 analyses for morphine, cocaine, amphetamines, buprenorphine, oxycodone, fentanyl, and methadone. Screening results were compared with confirmatory gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry (GC\u2013MS) and liquid chromatography\u2013tandem mass spectrometry (LC\u2013MS\/MS) analyses. The kit demonstrated high specificity (100%) and good sensitivity (81.8%) for basic drugs, with four false negatives observed for cocaine, while no false positives were recorded. Detection of \u03949-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) was unreliable, yielding uniformly positive results regardless of confirmatory analysis. The automated workflow, requiring only hair cutting and no prior decontamination, provides a rapid and practical approach for preliminary screening in routine toxicology laboratories. Despite limitations in THC detection and the small number of positive samples for some analytes, the SAMElife\u2122 kit offers a reliable tool to reduce the number of samples requiring confirmatory analysis. Further evaluation on larger populations and optimization of the THC assay are recommended.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkag053","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T12:15:03Z","timestamp":1781612103000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluation of a rapid immunoenzymatic screening kit (SAMElife\u2122) for drugs of abuse detection in hair"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"50","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4901-1655","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentina","family":"Martini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia , Pavia, PV, 27100,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefania","family":"Ortu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia , Pavia, PV, 27100,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristiana","family":"Stramesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia , Pavia, PV, 27100,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1456-7898","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"Vignali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia , Pavia, PV, 27100,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Morini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia , Pavia, PV, 27100,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026070612461398100_bkag053-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1515\/CCLM.2004.247","article-title":"Hair analysis in toxicology","volume":"42","author":"Villain","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"2026070612461398100_bkag053-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5117","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-023-04706-7","article-title":"Advances in testing for sample manipulation in clinical and forensic toxicology\u2014part B: hair samples","volume":"415","author":"Wissenbach","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anal Bioanal Chem"},{"key":"2026070612461398100_bkag053-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1093\/jalm\/jfaf026","article-title":"Review on toxicology testing in hair","volume":"10","author":"Hubbard","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Appl Lab Med"},{"key":"2026070612461398100_bkag053-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/s41935-019-0119-5","article-title":"Forensic toxicological analysis of hair: a review","volume":"9","author":"Usman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Egypt J Forensic Sci"},{"key":"2026070612461398100_bkag053-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.17219\/ACEM\/183124","article-title":"Optimizing screening cutoffs for drugs of abuse in hair using immunoassay for forensic applications","volume":"34","author":"Giorgetti","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv Clin Exp Med"},{"key":"2026070612461398100_bkag053-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.08.025","article-title":"Analysis of drugs of abuse in hair: Evaluation of the immunochemical method VMA-T vs. LC\u2013MS\/MS or GC\u2013MS","volume":"215","author":"Baumgartner","year":"2012","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"key":"2026070612461398100_bkag053-B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/S0379-0738(99)00168-1","article-title":"Hair analysis by immunological methods from the beginning to 2000","volume":"107","author":"Spiehler","year":"2000","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"key":"2026070612461398100_bkag053-B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1039\/BK9781837671946-00051","author":"Tsanaclis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Most of the Time! 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