{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T00:12:37Z","timestamp":1788480757281,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>First-generation H1 antihistamines have central nervous system penetration and anticholinergic activity, with potential side effects including sedation, cognitive impairment, and anterograde amnesia. First-generation antihistamines pose risks in driving under the influence of drugs (DUID) and drug-facilitated crimes (DFC) forensic casework. A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for five first-generation H1 antihistamines: chlorpheniramine, diphenhydramine, doxylamine, hydroxyzine, and promethazine. The calibration range was 1\u2013200\u2009ng\/mL with a 1\/x linear calibration model for quantitative compounds, and the limit of detection was determined to be 0.5 ng\/mL for all compounds. Bias and precision were acceptable, with minor but acceptable suppression observed at low and high concentrations. No exogenous or endogenous interferences were observed. Carryover was not detected after a 400\u2009ng\/mL sample. Processed samples were determined to be stable 24\u2009h after initial injection when stored in the refrigerated multi-sampler. Authentic forensic specimens from DUID and DFC investigations showed a wide range of concentrations for diphenhydramine. Selected case reports are presented to demonstrate the applicability of the method. The high percentage of polysubstance cases, range of concentrations, and delayed sample collection in DFC cases underscore the importance of a sensitive and reproducible method for these first-generation antihistamines, especially in human-performance casework.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkag074","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T13:34:46Z","timestamp":1786628086000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry quantification of five antihistamines in antemortem blood: method validation and application"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"50","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-3566-7505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kenson","family":"Jean","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Toxicology Laboratory, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Rosenstiel Medical Science Building , Miami, FL 33136,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-1506-6429","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristin W","family":"Kahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Toxicology Laboratory, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Rosenstiel Medical Science Building , Miami, FL 33136,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa J","family":"Reidy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Toxicology Laboratory, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Rosenstiel Medical Science Building , Miami, FL 33136,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090319260419700_bkag074-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5154.110831","article-title":"Pharmacology of antihistamines","volume":"58","author":"Church","year":"2013","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol"},{"key":"2026090319260419700_bkag074-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3727","DOI":"10.1002\/bmc.3727","article-title":"Bioanalysis of antihistamines for clinical or forensic purposes","volume":"31","author":"Katselou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed Chromatogr"},{"key":"2026090319260419700_bkag074-B3","volume-title":"Disposition of Toxic Drugs and Chemicals in Man","author":"Baselt","year":"2020"},{"key":"2026090319260419700_bkag074-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.4103\/jfsm.jfsm_133_23","article-title":"Comprehensive review of analytical 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