{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T13:44:58Z","timestamp":1788875098847,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,22]],"date-time":"2019-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1566432000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The misuse of designer benzodiazepines, as an alternative to prescription benzodiazepines and for drug-facilitated sexual assaults, has emerged as a growing threat, due in part to the ease of purchasing these drugs on the internet at low prices. Causing concern for safety is the lack of dosage information resulting in users self-medicating, often leading to unintended overdoses, coma or death at higher doses. With limited published data regarding the quantification of designer benzodiazepines in forensic cases, a method was validated for the determination of 13 designer benzodiazepines in postmortem blood, to add to the in-house method that already included a limited number of common designer benzodiazepines. The developed method included 3-hydroxyphenazepam, clobazam, clonazolam, delorazepam, deschloroetizolam, diclazepam, flualprazolam, flubromazepam, flubromazolam, flunitrazolam, meclonazepam, nifoxipam and pyrazolam in 0.5\u00a0mL postmortem blood using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The analytes were treated with solid phase extraction before undergoing separation on a C18 column and analyzed on the mass spectrometer in electrospray positive mode using multiple reaction monitoring. The linear range of the calibration curve was 1\u2013200\u00a0ng\/mL and up to 500\u00a0ng\/mL for 3-hydroxyphenazepam, clobazam, flubromazepam and pyrazolam. The limits of detection and quantitation were 0.5\u00a0ng\/mL (signal-to-noise ratio &amp;gt;3) and 1\u00a0ng\/mL, respectively. The calculated bias, intra-day imprecision, relative standard deviation (RSD) and inter-day imprecision RSD were \u00b112%, 3\u201320% and 4\u201321%. Matrix effects ranged from \u221252% to 33% with RSD values ranging from 3\u201320%, indicating consistent effects throughout multiple sources. Recovery ranged from 35 to 90%, where only two compounds were &amp;lt;50%. Other parameters tested included carryover, stability, interference and dilution integrity, which all yielded acceptable results. With the application of this method to blood specimens from the New York City Office of Chief Medical Examiner, this validated method proved to be simple, reproducible, sensitive and robust.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkz063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,11]],"date-time":"2019-07-11T19:09:20Z","timestamp":1562872160000},"page":"688-695","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Validation of an LC-MS\/MS Method for the Quantification of 13 Designer Benzodiazepines in Blood"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Victoria","family":"Mei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sciences, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, City University of New York, 524 W 59th St, New York, NY 10019, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Concheiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sciences, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, City University of New York, 524 W 59th St, New York, NY 10019, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justine","family":"Pardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Toxicology, New York City Office of Chief Medical Examiner 520 1st Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gail","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Toxicology, New York City Office of Chief Medical Examiner 520 1st Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2019122605273826600_ref1","article-title":"Benzodiazepines RxList","author":"Ogbru","year":"2018"},{"key":"2019122605273826600_ref2","article-title":"Overdose Death Rates","author":"NIH National Institute on Drug Abuse"},{"key":"2019122605273826600_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1208\/s12248-016-0040-x","article-title":"Identifying metabolites of meclonazepam by high-resolution mass spectrometry using human liver microsomes, hepatocytes, a mouse model, and authentic urine samples","volume":"19","author":"Vikingsson","year":"2017","journal-title":"The AAPS Journal"},{"key":"2019122605273826600_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20236","article-title":"Designer benzodiazepines: a new challenge","volume":"14","author":"Moosmann","year":"2015","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"2019122605273826600_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2018.06.007","article-title":"New benzodiazepines for sedation","volume":"32","author":"Cornett","year":"2018","journal-title":"Best Practice & Research. 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