{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T03:27:25Z","timestamp":1762918045470},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,11]],"date-time":"2019-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1573430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"EPSRC strategic equipment","award":["EP\/P001440\/1","EP\/R031118\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/P001440\/1","EP\/R031118\/1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Fingerprints have been proposed as a promising new matrix for drug testing. In previous work it has been shown that a fingerprint can be used to distinguish between drug users and nonusers. Herein, we look at the possibility of using a fingerprint to distinguish between dermal contact and administration of heroin. Fingerprint samples were collected from (i) 10 patients attending a drug rehabilitation clinic, (ii) 50 nondrug users and (iii) participants who touched 2\u00a0mg street heroin, before and after various hand cleaning procedures. Oral fluid was also taken from the patients. All samples were analyzed using a liquid chromatography\u2014high resolution mass spectrometry method validated in previous work for heroin and 6-AM. The HRMS data were analyzed retrospectively for morphine, codeine, 6-acetylcodeine and noscapine. Heroin and 6-AM were detected in all fingerprint samples produced from contact with heroin, even after hand washing. In contrast, morphine, acetylcodeine and noscapine were successfully removed after hand washing. In patient samples, the detection of morphine, noscapine and acetylcodeine (alongside heroin and 6-AM) gave a closer agreement to patient testimony on whether they had recently used heroin than the detection of heroin and 6-AM alone. This research highlights the importance of washing hands prior to donating a fingerprint sample to distinguish recent contact with heroin from heroin use.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkz088","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,11]],"date-time":"2019-11-11T22:28:31Z","timestamp":1573511311000},"page":"218-225","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Distinguishing between Contact and Administration of Heroin from a Single Fingerprint using High Resolution Mass Spectrometry"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Catia","family":"Costa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ion Beam Centre, University of Surrey, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mahado","family":"Ismail","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Surrey, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Derek","family":"Stevenson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Surrey, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Gibson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Forensic Science Ireland, Garda Headquarters, 8 Phoenix Park, Dublin DO8 HN3X, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roger","family":"Webb","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ion Beam Centre, University of Surrey, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melanie","family":"Bailey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of Surrey, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020061713532260500_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3373","DOI":"10.1039\/C6AY00782A","article-title":"Analysis of urine, oral fluid and fingerprints by liquid extraction surface analysis coupled to high resolution MS and MS\/MS\u2014opportunities for forensic and biomedical science","volume":"8","author":"Bailey","year":"2016","journal-title":"Analytical Methods"},{"key":"2020061713532260500_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6254","DOI":"10.1039\/C5AN00112A","article-title":"Rapid detection of cocaine, benzoylecgonine and methylecgonine in fingerprints using surface mass spectrometry","volume":"140","author":"Bailey","year":"2015","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"key":"2020061713532260500_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1745","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2017.275578","article-title":"Rapid, secure drug testing using fingerprint development and paper spray mass spectrometry","volume":"63","author":"Costa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clinical Chemistry"},{"key":"2020061713532260500_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2017.281469","article-title":"Noninvasive detection of cocaine and heroin use with single fingerprints: determination of an environmental cutoff","volume":"64","author":"Ismail","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clinical Chemistry"},{"key":"2020061713532260500_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/S1386-1425(03)00263-4","article-title":"The detection of drugs of abuse in fingerprints using Raman spectroscopy I: latent fingerprints","volume":"60","author":"Day","year":"2004","journal-title":"Spectrochimica Acta, Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy"},{"key":"2020061713532260500_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1725","DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2003.09.013","article-title":"The detection of drugs of abuse in fingerprints using Raman spectroscopy II: cyanoacrylate-fumed fingerprints","volume":"60","author":"Day","year":"2004","journal-title":"Spectrochimica Acta, Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy"},{"key":"2020061713532260500_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11716","DOI":"10.1038\/srep11716","article-title":"Detection and mapping of illicit drugs and their metabolites in fingermarks by MALDI MS and compatibility with forensic techniques","volume":"5","author":"Groeneveld","year":"2015","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"2020061713532260500_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1039\/b813957c","article-title":"Detection of drugs and their metabolites in dusted latent fingermarks by mass 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