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These TGF-\u03b2 superfamily proteins activate not only Smad signalling but also non-Smad signalling including the Ras-mediated ERK pathway (Raf\u2013MEK\u2013ERK phosphorylation cascade). Although Mstn and GDF11 have been shown to induce muscle atrophy or sarcopenia by Smad2\/3-mediated Akt inhibition, participation of the non-Smad Ras\u2013ERK pathway in atrophy and sarcopenia has not been well determined. We show here that both Mstn and GDF11 prevented skeletal myocyte differentiation but that the MEK inhibitor U0126 or trametinib restored differentiation in Mstn- or GDF11-treated myocytes. These MEK inhibitors induced the expression of DA-Raf1 (DA-Raf), which is a dominant-negative antagonist of the Ras\u2013ERK pathway. Exogenous expression of DA-Raf in Mstn- or GDF11-treated myocytes restored differentiation. Furthermore, administration of trametinib to aged mice resulted in an increase in myofiber size or recovery from muscle atrophy. The trametinib administration downregulated ERK activity in these muscles. These results imply that the Mstn\/GDF11-induced Ras\u2013ERK pathway plays critical roles in the inhibition of myocyte differentiation and muscle regeneration, which leads to muscle atrophy. Trametinib and similar approved drugs might be applicable to the treatment of muscle atrophy in sarcopenia or cachexia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jb\/mvab116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,20]],"date-time":"2021-10-20T22:46:03Z","timestamp":1634769963000},"page":"109-122","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["DA-Raf and the MEK inhibitor trametinib reverse skeletal myocyte differentiation inhibition or muscle atrophy caused by myostatin and GDF11 through the non-Smad Ras\u2013ERK pathway"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"171","author":[{"given":"Ryuichi","family":"Masuzawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Science Department of Biology, , Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoicho, Inageku, Chiba, Chiba 263-8522, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuya","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Science Department of Biology, , Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoicho, Inageku, Chiba, Chiba 263-8522, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazunori","family":"Takano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Science Department of Biology, , Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoicho, Inageku, Chiba, Chiba 263-8522, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ichizo","family":"Nishino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Neuroscience Department of Neuromuscular Research, , National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshiyuki","family":"Sakai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Drug Discovery Center and Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, , Kyoto 602-8566, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takeshi","family":"Endo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Science Department of Biology, , Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoicho, Inageku, Chiba, Chiba 263-8522, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022062712533052500_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.010389","article-title":"Cellular and molecular mechanisms of muscle atrophy","volume":"6","author":"Bonaldo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dis. 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