{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T09:07:17Z","timestamp":1790845637098,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,22]],"date-time":"2022-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645488000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (GPI-PLC) of Trypanosoma brucei, the causative protozoan parasite of African trypanosomiasis, is a membrane-bound enzyme essential for antigenic variation, because it catalyses the release of the membrane-bound form of variable surface glycoproteins. Here, we performed a fragment-based drug discovery of TbGPI-PLC inhibitors using a combination of enzymatic inhibition assay and water ligand observed via gradient spectroscopy (WaterLOGSY) NMR experiment. The TbGPI-PLC was cloned and overexpressed using an Escherichia coli expression system followed by purification using three-phase partitioning and gel filtration. Subsequently, the inhibitory activity of 873 fragment compounds against the recombinant TbGPI-PLC led to the identification of 66 primary hits. These primary hits were subjected to the WaterLOGSY NMR experiment where 10 fragment hits were confirmed to directly bind to the TbGPI-PLC. These included benzothiazole, chlorobenzene, imidazole, indole, pyrazol and quinolinone derivatives. Molecular docking simulation indicated that six of them share a common binding site, which corresponds to the catalytic pocket. The present study identified chemically diverse fragment hits that could directly bind and inhibit the TbGPI-PLC activity, which constructed a framework for fragment optimization or linking towards the design of novel drugs for African trypanosomiasis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jb\/mvac020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]],"date-time":"2022-02-21T20:20:05Z","timestamp":1645474805000},"page":"619-629","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Fragment-Based Drug Discovery for<i>Trypanosoma brucei<\/i>Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-Specific Phospholipase C through Biochemical and WaterLOGSY-NMR Methods"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"171","author":[{"given":"Mohammed Auwal","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Biomedical Research Institute, , Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058566, Japan and"},{"name":"Ahmadu Bello University Department of Biochemistry, , Zaria, Kaduna 800001, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoko","family":"Yamasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Biomedical Research Institute, , Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058566, Japan and"},{"name":"Health and Medical Research Institute , National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058566, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koji","family":"Furukawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health and Medical Research Institute , National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058566, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuhiko","family":"Yamasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Biomedical Research Institute, , Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058566, Japan and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022061514303078700_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2018.08.034","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of small ruminant and porcine trypanosomiasis prevalence in sub-Saharan Africa (1986 to 2018)","volume":"188","author":"Ebhodaghe","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"2022061514303078700_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed5010014","article-title":"The drugs of sleeping sickness: their mechanisms of action and resistance, and a brief history","volume":"5","author":"De Koning","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trop. 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