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Microglia are a resident macrophage and a type of glial cells located in the parenchyma of the CNS and play a pivotal role in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. They are early responders to the abnormality of the CNS, leading to the adaptation of their phenotypes by virtue of their plasticity, after which they give an impact on neuronal functions. Besides microglia, there are anatomically and phenotypically distinct macrophage populations at the border of the CNS, such as meninge, perivascular space and choroid plexus, where they show distinct morphology and gene expression profiles when compared with microglia. This review will summarize the recent advance in our knowledge regarding their heterogeneity, plasticity, ontogenetic relationship of these CNS-resident macrophage populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jb\/mvac093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,8]],"date-time":"2022-11-08T12:49:27Z","timestamp":1667911767000},"page":"139-143","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Recent topics regarding macrophage in the central nervous system"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"173","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3687-452X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takahiro","family":"Masuda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kyushu University Department of Molecular and System Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, , 812-8582 Fukuoka, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023030810061497900_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-019-0201-x","article-title":"Macrophages at CNS interfaces: ontogeny and function in health and disease","volume":"20","author":"Kierdorf","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. 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