{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T18:42:53Z","timestamp":1779907373374,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,16]],"date-time":"2022-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671148800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>VHH antibodies or nanobodies, which are antigen-binding domains of heavy chain antibodies from camelid species, have several advantageous characteristics, including compact molecular size, high productibility in bacteria and easy engineering for functional improvement. Focusing on these advantages of VHHs, we attempted to establish an immunoassay system for detection of Legionella, the causative pathogen of Legionnaires\u2019 disease. A VHH phage display library was constructed using cDNA from B cells of alpacas immunized with Legionella pneumophila serogroup1 (LpSG1). Through biopanning, two specific VHH clones were isolated and used to construct a Legionella detection system based on the latex agglutination assay. After engineering the VHHs and improving the assay system, the sensitive detection system was successfully established for the LpSG1 antigen. The immunoassay developed in this study should be useful in easy and sensitive detection of Legionella, the causative agent of Legionnaires\u2019 disease, which is a potentially fatal pneumonia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jb\/mvac102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,12]],"date-time":"2022-12-12T15:23:45Z","timestamp":1670858625000},"page":"185-195","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Sensitive immunoassay of<i>Legionella<\/i>using multivalent conjugates of engineered VHHs"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"173","author":[{"given":"Norihiko","family":"Kiyose","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Science and Engineering , Kagoshima University, 1-21-35 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan"},{"name":"ARK Resource Co., Ltd., 383-2, Nakahara-machi , Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 861-5271, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nobuo","family":"Miyazaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ARK Resource Co., Ltd., 383-2, Nakahara-machi , Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 861-5271, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katsunori","family":"Furuhata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life and Environmental Science , Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuji","family":"Ito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Science and Engineering , Kagoshima University, 1-21-35 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023030810061751100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.me.17.020166.000245","article-title":"Current aspects of the structure, function, and genetics of the immunoglobulins","volume":"17","author":"Gitlin","year":"1966","journal-title":"Annu. 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