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In pathological conditions, such as muscular dystrophy, age-related sarcopenia and cancer cachexia, skeletal muscles are not uniformly affected throughout the body. This region-specific vulnerability cannot be fully explained by known physiological classifications, including muscle fiber types. Accumulating evidence indicates that the expression patterns of topographic homeobox (Hox) genes provide a molecular signature of positional memory, reflecting the anatomical locations and embryonic history of muscles and their associated muscle stem cells in adult mice and humans. Hox-based positional memory is not merely a remnant of embryonic development but is expected to be an intrinsic determinant controlling muscle function because recent studies have shown that aberrant Hox genes affect muscle stem cells. In this review, we discuss the concept of Hox-based positional memory, which may offer a new perspective on the region-specific pathophysiology of muscle disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jb\/mvae059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,28]],"date-time":"2024-08-28T14:35:20Z","timestamp":1724855720000},"page":"277-283","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The Hox-based positional memory in muscle stem cells"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"176","author":[{"given":"Ryosuke","family":"Okino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology (TMIG) Muscle Biology Laboratory, Research Team for Aging Science, , 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuki","family":"Goda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology (TMIG) Muscle Biology Laboratory, Research Team for Aging Science, , 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4802-7507","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yusuke","family":"Ono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology (TMIG) Muscle Biology Laboratory, Research Team for Aging Science, , 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Kumamoto University Department of Muscle Development and Regeneration, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics (IMEG), , 2-2-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-0811,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024103011351135200_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.317.7164.991","article-title":"The muscular dystrophies","volume":"317","author":"Emery","year":"1998","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2024103011351135200_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-021-00421-2","article-title":"Control of satellite cell function in muscle regeneration and its disruption in ageing","volume":"23","author":"Sousa-Victor","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. 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