{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:06:14Z","timestamp":1792785974987,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"a 2023 Grant for Basic Science Research Projects from the Sumitomo Foundation","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01nmpj461","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research","award":["23K06205 and 20K07061"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23K06205 and 20K07061"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Snake venoms contain enzymes whose biochemical activities cannot be inferred reliably from sequence or proteomic detection alone. Snake venom phosphodiesterase (svPDE), an extracellular ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase\/phosphodiesterase-family glycoprotein, is generally regarded as a 3\u2032-to-5\u2032 exonuclease, although endonucleolytic activity was reported in early preparations. Whether this activity is intrinsic to a molecularly defined svPDE and how DNA structure influences cleavage remained unresolved. Here, nuclease activity in Protobothrops flavoviridis venom was tracked by sequential chromatography and liquid chromatography\u2013tandem mass spectrometry identified svPDE in active fractions. Comparable activity was detected in a commercial Crotalus atrox PDE I preparation. Purified, sequence- and structure-defined Naja atra svPDE converted covalently closed circular plasmid DNA to open-circular and then linear forms in a concentration-dependent manner; higher concentrations caused extensive degradation. Moreover, N. atra svPDE converted a plasmid containing a single nick at a defined position into linear DNA, and restriction mapping was consistent with complementary-strand cleavage at or near the nick. These results establish endonucleolytic activity as an intrinsic property of svPDE and suggest that its nuclease action may be influenced by structural features associated with DNA topology and strand discontinuities. Thus, svPDE may facilitate double-strand breakage at or near sites of single-strand discontinuity, expanding the biochemical repertoire of this conserved venom enzyme.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jb\/mvag067","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T11:24:43Z","timestamp":1790594683000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Intrinsic endonucleolytic activity of snake venom phosphodiesterase"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8326-6856","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Narumi","family":"Aoki-Shioi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Fukuoka Medical Technology, Teikyo University , 6-22 Misakimachi, Omuta-shi, Fukuoka 836-8505 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshifumi","family":"Zaitsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Fukuoka University , 19-1, 8-chome Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryosuke","family":"Shikasho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Fukuoka University , 19-1, 8-chome Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I-Jin","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University , No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, East District, Hsinchu City 300044 ,","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen-Guey","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University , No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, East District, Hsinchu City 300044 ,","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6391-3411","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isao","family":"Kuraoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Fukuoka University , 19-1, 8-chome Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026100902263045500_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2011.03.017","article-title":"From snake venom toxins to therapeutics\u2014cardiovascular examples","volume":"59","author":"Koh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"2026100902263045500_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1038\/s41570-022-00393-7","article-title":"The chemistry of snake venom and its medicinal potential","volume":"6","author":"Oliveira","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. 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