{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T00:40:54Z","timestamp":1778546454234,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,18]],"date-time":"2020-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1587168000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Topically applied antimicrobials are key to the prevention of infection and mortality in the acute burn population. The purpose of this study was to determine the in vitro effectiveness of commercially available topical antimicrobials, as well as topical preparations that were compounded in our burn care institution. One-hundred twenty microorganisms were tested against these topical antimicrobials and in vitro effectiveness was observed. Results showed that compounded preparations of 1:1:1 + Double Antibiotic (1 part bacitracin: 1 part silver sulfadiazine: 100,000 units\/g nystatin + 5 mg\/g neomycin sulfate + 500 units\/g polymyxin B) and 3:1 + Double Antibiotic (3 part bacitracin: 1 part silver sulfadiazine + 5mg\/g neomycin sulfate + 500 units\/g polymyxin B) were effective against 100% of the isolates tested. Other topical agents showed moderate effectiveness, thus demonstrating the need for multiple topical agents to reach a broad spectrum of microorganisms. However, the development of topical antimicrobial resistance needs further study.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jbcr\/iraa048","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,18]],"date-time":"2020-04-18T02:45:40Z","timestamp":1587177940000},"page":"739-742","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Efficacy of Topical Antimicrobial Agents Against Bacterial Isolates From Burn Wounds"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"William","family":"Nethery","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Shriners Hospital for Children, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Petra","family":"Warner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shriners Hospital for Children, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Durkee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Shriners Hospital for Children, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Dwyer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Shriners Hospital for Children, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacquelyn","family":"Zembrodt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Shriners Hospital for Children, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Fowler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"||Department of Research, Shriners Hospital for Children, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020070310342372300_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/s41038-017-0096-6","article-title":"Topical antimicrobial agents for pediatric burns","volume":"5","author":"Cartotto","year":"2017","journal-title":"Burn Trauma"},{"key":"2020070310342372300_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0000000000001297","article-title":"Topical antimicrobials in burn care: part 1-topical antiseptics","author":"Cambiaso-Daniel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"key":"2020070310342372300_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TA.0000044565.69410.95","article-title":"Survival benefit conferred by topical antimicrobial preparations in burn patients: a historical perspective","volume":"56","author":"Brown","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"2020070310342372300_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.19.2.403-434.2006","article-title":"Burn wound infections","volume":"19","author":"Church","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"2020070310342372300_CIT0005","volume-title":"Total burn care","author":"Herndon","year":"2018","edition":"5th ed."},{"key":"2020070310342372300_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199012000-00001","article-title":"A randomized prospective study of topical antimicrobial agents on skin grafts after thermal injury","volume":"86","author":"Livingston","year":"1990","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"2020070310342372300_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"c241","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.c241","article-title":"Prophylactic antibiotics for burns patients: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"340","author":"Avni","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2020070310342372300_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-4280-0","article-title":"Intravenous-to-oral antibiotic switch therapy: a cross-sectional study in critical care units","volume":"19","author":"Gasparetto","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"2020070310342372300_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1155\/2000\/672340","article-title":"Microbiological surveillance and parenteral antibiotic use in a critical care unit","volume":"11","author":"Yamashita","year":"2000","journal-title":"Can J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2020070310342372300_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1097\/BCR.0b013e3181921eed","article-title":"Are topical antimicrobials effective against bacteria that are highly resistant to systemic antibiotics?","volume":"30","author":"Neely","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Burn Care Res"},{"key":"2020070310342372300_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.39.6.1324","article-title":"Noncytotoxic combinations of topical antimicrobial agents for use with cultured skin substitutes","volume":"39","author":"Boyce","year":"1995","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2020070310342372300_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/38.3.457","article-title":"Formulation of \u2018idealized\u2019 topical antimicrobial mixtures for use with cultured skin grafts","volume":"38","author":"Holder","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"2020070310342372300_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/S0305-4179(78)80006-0","article-title":"A laboratory method for the selection of topical antimicrobial agents to treat infected burn wounds","volume":"4","author":"Nathan","year":"1978","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"2020070310342372300_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.15620\/cdc:82532","volume-title":"Antibiotic resistance threats in the United States","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2019"},{"key":"2020070310342372300_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1177\/000313481808400628","article-title":"Delayed healing associated with silver sulfadiazine use for partial thickness scald burns in children","volume":"84","author":"Raymond","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am Surg"},{"key":"2020070310342372300_CIT0016","volume-title":"B sulfates solution for irrigation, USP. [package insert]","author":"Neomycin","year":"2010"},{"key":"2020070310342372300_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.5.6.582","article-title":"Mechanism of silver sulfadiazine action on burn wound infections","volume":"5","author":"Fox","year":"1974","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"}],"container-title":["Journal of Burn Care &amp; Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jbcr\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jbcr\/iraa048\/33201713\/iraa048.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jbcr\/article-pdf\/41\/4\/739\/33460488\/iraa048.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jbcr\/article-pdf\/41\/4\/739\/33460488\/iraa048.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,9]],"date-time":"2021-03-09T14:56:23Z","timestamp":1615301783000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jbcr\/article\/41\/4\/739\/5821500"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,18]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jbcr\/iraa048","relation":{},"ISSN":["1559-047X","1559-0488"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1559-047X","type":"print"},{"value":"1559-0488","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,18]]}}}