{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T13:45:09Z","timestamp":1789393509008,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,3]],"date-time":"2020-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1585872000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"Research to Prevent Blindness, Inc"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Burn patients receiving aggressive fluid resuscitation are at risk of developing orbital compartment syndrome (OCS). This condition results in elevated orbital pressures and can lead to rapid permanent vision loss. Risk factors and monitoring frequency for OCS remain largely unknown. A retrospective review was therefore conducted of admitted burn patients evaluated by the ophthalmology service at an American Burn Association verified Burn Treatment Center. Demographic, burn, examination, and fluid resuscitation data were compared using two-sided t-tests, Fisher\u2019s exact tests, and linear regression. Risk factors for elevated intraocular pressures (IOPs; a surrogate for intraorbital pressure) in patients resuscitated via the Parkland formula were found to be total body surface area (% TBSA) burned, resuscitation above the Ivy Index (&amp;gt;250 ml\/kg), and Parkland formula calculated volume. Maximum IOP and actual fluid resuscitation volume were linearly related. Analysis of all patients with elevated IOP found multiple patients with significant IOP increases after initial evaluation resulting in OCS within the first 24 hours postinjury. While %TBSA, Ivy Index, and resuscitation calculated volume are OCS risk factors in burn patients, two patients with facial burns developed OCS (25% of all patients with OCS) despite not requiring resuscitation. Orbital congestion can develop within the first 24 hours of admission when resuscitation volumes are the greatest. In addition to earlier and more frequent IOP checks in susceptible burn patients during the first day, the associated risk factors will help identify those most at risk for OCS and vision loss.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jbcr\/iraa053","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,4]],"date-time":"2020-04-04T06:55:27Z","timestamp":1585983327000},"page":"1104-1110","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Preserving Vision: Rethinking Burn Patient Monitoring to Prevent Orbital Compartment Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Anthony P","family":"Mai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher R","family":"Fortenbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucy A","family":"Wibbenmeyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics; College of Public Health, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erin M","family":"Shriver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020092312344781600_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-200101000-00014","article-title":"Ocular complications of thermal injury: a 3-year retrospective","volume":"50","author":"Bouchard","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"2020092312344781600_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2014.08.022","article-title":"Periorbital burns\u2014a 6 year review of management and outcome","volume":"41","author":"Fitzgerald O\u2019Connor","year":"2015","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"2020092312344781600_CIT0003","first-page":"435","article-title":"Burn injuries of the eye.","volume-title":"Total burn care","author":"Herndon","year":"2007","edition":"editor"},{"key":"2020092312344781600_CIT0004","first-page":"673","article-title":"Functional sequelae and disability assessment.","volume-title":"Total burn care","author":"Herndon","year":"2007","edition":"editor"},{"key":"2020092312344781600_CIT0005","volume-title":"Guides to the evaluation of permanent impairment","author":"American Medical Association Press","year":"1990"},{"key":"2020092312344781600_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2004.047498","article-title":"Impact of unilateral and bilateral vision loss on quality of life","volume":"89","author":"Vu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2020092312344781600_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0000000000000845","article-title":"Evaporative water loss in superficial to full thickness burns","volume":"77","author":"Busche","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"key":"2020092312344781600_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1097\/00004630-200021020-00002","article-title":"A biopsy of the use of the Baxter formula to resuscitate burns or do we do it like Charlie did it?","volume":"21","author":"Engrav","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Burn Care Rehabil"},{"key":"2020092312344781600_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2004.01.021","article-title":"Is supra-Baxter resuscitation in burn patients a new phenomenon?","volume":"30","author":"Friedrich","year":"2004","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"2020092312344781600_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199510000-00036","article-title":"Compartment syndrome in the critically injured following massive resuscitation: case reports","volume":"39","author":"Block","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"2020092312344781600_CIT0011","volume-title":"Atlas of clinical and surgical orbital anatomy","author":"Dutton","year":"2011"},{"key":"2020092312344781600_CIT0012","volume-title":"Orbital compartment syndrome curriculum","author":"Stiff","year":"2018"},{"key":"2020092312344781600_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)76897-7","article-title":"Increased intraocular pressure in severely burned patients","volume":"111","author":"Evans","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2020092312344781600_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1097\/IOP.0b013e318163d2fb","article-title":"Orbital compartment syndrome in burn patients","volume":"24","author":"Singh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"2020092312344781600_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-200009000-00001","article-title":"Intra-abdominal hypertension and abdominal compartment syndrome in burn patients","volume":"49","author":"Ivy","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"2020092312344781600_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e3181ac68cf","article-title":"Resuscitation of severely burned military casualties: fluid begets more fluid","volume":"67","author":"Chung","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"2020092312344781600_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2013.07.001","article-title":"A systematic review on intra-abdominal pressure in severely burned patients","volume":"40","author":"Strang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Burns"}],"container-title":["Journal of Burn Care &amp; 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