{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T17:14:31Z","timestamp":1740158071979,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,18]],"date-time":"2021-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613606400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The aim of this study is to identify the prevalence of stunted growth in Syrian refugee children with chronic burn injuries and to compare it to other children (\u00b1burn) of similar socioeconomic status. This is a retrospective medical chart review conducted on 142 Syrian refugee children (\u226418 years of age) who have sustained war-related and nonwar-related chronic burn injuries between 2014 and 2020. Stunted growth was measured using the height-for-age z score. The majority of burn injuries were among children below 5 years of age. The prevalence of stunting was 9.2% in our sample, with an overall mean z-score of \u20130.491 (SD = 1.1). There was no statistically significant difference in z-scores between males and females. The majority of stunted patients are those who sustain their burn injuries at an early age. Early management of burn injuries is key in preventing adverse outcomes associated with stunting. Further research, planning, funding, and targeted interventions are required by stakeholders to alleviate the burden of stunting in the pediatric refugee population, along with the health and economic consequences that it entails.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jbcr\/iraa204","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,21]],"date-time":"2021-02-21T00:06:44Z","timestamp":1613866004000},"page":"716-720","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Epidemiology of Stunted Growth in Refugee Patients with Chronic Burn Injuries"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Kareem W","family":"Makkawi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0868-4895","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marwan S","family":"Hajjar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dunia E","family":"Hatabah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ghassan S","family":"Abu-Sittah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021080411301522100_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.12231","article-title":"Childhood stunting: a global perspective","volume":"12","author":"de Onis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Matern Child Nutr"},{"key":"2021080411301522100_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1093\/advances\/nmy101","article-title":"Perspective: what does stunting really mean? A critical review of the evidence","volume":"10","author":"Leroy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv Nutr"},{"key":"2021080411301522100_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0209220","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0209220","article-title":"Dietary and non-dietary determinants of linear growth status of infants and young children in Ethiopia: Hierarchical regression analysis","volume":"14","author":"Mohammed","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2021080411301522100_CIT0004","article-title":".","volume-title":"UNICEF\/WHO\/The World Bank Group joint child malnutrition estimates: levels and trends in child malnutrition: key findings of the 2020 edition","author":"World Health Organization, World Bank Group","year":"2020"},{"key":"2021080411301522100_CIT0005","first-page":"2","article-title":"Global Nutrition Targets 2025: Policy brief series","author":"World Health Organization.","year":"2014"},{"key":"2021080411301522100_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph14080863","article-title":"Stunting, wasting and underweight in Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review","volume":"14","author":"Akombi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"2021080411301522100_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e64636","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0064636","article-title":"Associations of suboptimal growth with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in children under five years: a pooled analysis of ten prospective studies","volume":"8","author":"Olofin","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2021080411301522100_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1600998","article-title":"Undernutrition in relation to childhood infections: a prospective study in the Sudan","volume":"54","author":"Kossmann","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2021080411301522100_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61690-0","article-title":"Maternal and child undernutrition: global and regional exposures and health consequences","volume":"371","author":"Black","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2021080411301522100_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2412","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/136.9.2412","article-title":"Preschool stunting, adolescent migration, catch-up growth, and adult height in young senegalese men and women of rural origin","volume":"136","author":"Coly","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"2021080411301522100_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.12080","article-title":"The economic rationale for investing in stunting reduction","volume":"9","author":"Hoddinott","year":"2013","journal-title":"Matern Child Nutr"},{"volume-title":"Repositioning nutrition as central to development: a strategy for large scale action","year":"2006","author":"World Bank","key":"2021080411301522100_CIT0012"},{"key":"2021080411301522100_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/0887-8994(93)90025-8","article-title":"Dendritic development in neocortex of infants with early postnatal life undernutrition","volume":"9","author":"Cordero","year":"1993","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"key":"2021080411301522100_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61692-4","article-title":"Maternal and child undernutrition: consequences for adult health and human capital","volume":"371","author":"Victora","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"author":"Jane MacAskill","key":"2021080411301522100_CIT0015","article-title":"Child nutrition and food security during armed conflicts."},{"volume-title":"General Assembly Security Council. Children and armed conflict - Report of the Secretary-General","year":"2019","author":"United Nations","key":"2021080411301522100_CIT0016"},{"key":"2021080411301522100_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/S0094-1298(20)31616-3","article-title":"Nutritional and metabolic consequences of thermal injury","volume":"13","author":"Burdge","year":"1986","journal-title":"Clin Plast Surg"},{"key":"2021080411301522100_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1093\/jbcr\/iry035","article-title":"The long-term impact of severe burn trauma on musculoskeletal health","volume":"39","author":"Polychronopoulou","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Burn Care Res"},{"key":"2021080411301522100_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sla.0000152013.23032.d1","article-title":"Influence of metformin on glucose intolerance and muscle catabolism following severe burn injury","volume":"241","author":"Gore","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"2021080411301522100_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1067\/msy.2002.126871","article-title":"The effect of prolonged euglycemic hyperinsulinemia on lean body mass after severe burn","volume":"132","author":"Thomas","year":"2002","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"2021080411301522100_CIT0021","first-page":"e5","article-title":"Burn-induced bone loss: importance, mechanisms, and management","volume":"5","author":"Klein","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Burns Wounds"},{"key":"2021080411301522100_CIT0022","first-page":"95","article-title":"Burn injury: review of pathophysiology and therapeutic modalities in major burns","volume":"30","author":"Kaddoura","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Burns Fire Disasters"},{"key":"2021080411301522100_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1177\/0884533616679639","article-title":"Pediatric nutrition assessment: anthropometrics to zinc","volume":"32","author":"Green Corkins","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nutrition in clinical practice: official publication of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition"},{"key":"2021080411301522100_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.1986.tb07613.x","article-title":"Catch-up growth in children","volume":"44","author":"Ashworth","year":"1986","journal-title":"Nutr Rev"},{"key":"2021080411301522100_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1016\/0305-4179(90)90069-9","article-title":"Dietary intake and changes in body weight in burned children","volume":"16","author":"Childs","year":"1990","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"2021080411301522100_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1990.01410150114021","article-title":"Growth delay in postburn pediatric patients","volume":"125","author":"Rutan","year":"1990","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"volume-title":"Tracking progress on child and maternal nutrition","year":"2009","author":"UNICEF","key":"2021080411301522100_CIT0027"},{"key":"2021080411301522100_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2212S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/125.suppl_8.2212S","article-title":"Malnutrition and the brain: changing concepts, changing concerns","volume":"125","author":"Levitsky","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"2021080411301522100_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.08.059535","article-title":"Severe childhood burns in the Czech Republic: risk factors and prevention","volume":"87","author":"Celko","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"2021080411301522100_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2006.10.002","article-title":"Burns in Sweden: an analysis of 24,538 cases during the period 1987-2004","volume":"33","author":"Akerlund","year":"2007","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"2021080411301522100_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s41038-016-0067-3","article-title":"Epidemiology of pediatric burns and future prevention strategies-a study of 475 patients from a high-volume burn center in North India","volume":"5","author":"Dhopte","year":"2017","journal-title":"Burns Trauma"},{"key":"2021080411301522100_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.112.047639","article-title":"The effect of multiple anthropometric deficits on child mortality: meta-analysis of individual data in 10 prospective studies from developing countries","volume":"97","author":"McDonald","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2021080411301522100_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/s13031-019-0208-y","article-title":"Nutritional profile of Syrian refugee children before resettlement","volume":"13","author":"Pernitez-Agan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Confl Health"},{"key":"2021080411301522100_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60032-4","article-title":"Developmental potential in the first 5 years for children in developing countries","volume":"369","author":"Grantham-McGregor","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2021080411301522100_CIT0035","first-page":"150","volume-title":"Poverty and conflict: an analytical framework","author":"Mayer","year":"2005","edition":"editor"},{"key":"2021080411301522100_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/s12992-020-00556-5","article-title":"A community-based system dynamics approach for understanding factors affecting mental Health and Health seeking behaviors in Beirut and Beqaa regions of Lebanon","volume":"16","author":"Noubani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Global Health"},{"key":"2021080411301522100_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.5334\/aogh.3015","article-title":"Ecology of war, health research and knowledge subjugation: insights from the Middle East and North Africa region","volume":"86","author":"El Achi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Glob Health"},{"volume-title":"World Report on Child Injury Prevention","year":"2008","author":"Peden M","key":"2021080411301522100_CIT0038"},{"volume-title":"Malnutrition a silent threat emerging among Syrian refugee children in Lebanon","year":"2014","author":"Boustani","key":"2021080411301522100_CIT0039"},{"volume-title":"Joint Nutrition Assessment Syrian Refugees in Lebanon","year":"2014","author":"Hamza","key":"2021080411301522100_CIT0040"},{"key":"2021080411301522100_CIT0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1097\/BCR.0B013E318031A183","article-title":"Growth deceleration and restoration after serious burn injury","volume":"28","author":"Prelack","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Burn Care Res"}],"container-title":["Journal of Burn Care &amp; Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jbcr\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jbcr\/iraa204\/36306595\/iraa204.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jbcr\/article-pdf\/42\/4\/716\/39561690\/iraa204.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jbcr\/article-pdf\/42\/4\/716\/39561690\/iraa204.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,4]],"date-time":"2021-08-04T11:37:30Z","timestamp":1628077050000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jbcr\/article\/42\/4\/716\/6142486"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,18]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jbcr\/iraa204","relation":{},"ISSN":["1559-047X","1559-0488"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1559-047X"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1559-0488"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,18]]}}}