{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T14:50:49Z","timestamp":1781189449592,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,4]],"date-time":"2021-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612396800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Early detection of sepsis is of crucial importance in patients with severe burn injuries. However, according to the S1-guideline, based on systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) criteria, the early diagnosis of sepsis in severely burned patients is difficult. The value of the new definition of sepsis based on sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) according to S3-guidelines for patients with severe burn injuries is not described in detail in the literature. We analyzed retrospectively all data during the period 2014 to 2018 from the electronic patient information system. Using the receiver operating characteristic curve, the area under the curve was calculated for the diagnostic value of procalcitonin, SIRS, and SOFA score according to the burned total body surface area. Six hundred fifty-one patients with burn injuries were admitted to our burn unit, 315 of them had burn injuries affecting more than 10% body surface area with partial- to full-thickness burns (grade 2\u20134). In this group, 59 patients showed one or more septic events in the course of the intensive care treatment, defined by positive bloodstream infection. Both S1- and S3-guidelines were inappropriate to diagnose sepsis in patients with severe burn injuries. Due to pathophysiological changes of the body function in severely burned patients, which show features of both SIRS and pathological SOFA scores (&amp;gt;2 points) at the outset of burn injury, the diagnosis of sepsis associated with burns is intricate in this patient group. Assessing data for potential hallmarks of sepsis in burn patients we found procalcitonin to show a significant correlation with sepsis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jbcr\/irab030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,6]],"date-time":"2021-02-06T03:10:55Z","timestamp":1612581055000},"page":"1176-1180","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Application of Critical Care Scores in Severely Burned Patients"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Khaled","family":"Dastagir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Medical School Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicco","family":"Krezdorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Medical School Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4057-0318","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alperen Sabri","family":"Bingoel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Medical School Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tobias R","family":"Mett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Medical School Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Radtke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Jokuszies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Medical School Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter M","family":"Vogt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Medical School Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021120105043362700_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cps.2017.02.013","article-title":"Metabolic and endocrine considerations after burn injury","volume":"44","author":"Williams","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Plast Surg"},{"key":"2021120105043362700_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/S0305-4179(98)00150-8","article-title":"Changes in circulating levels of interleukin 6 in burned patients","volume":"25","author":"Yeh","year":"1999","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"2021120105043362700_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0000000000000294","article-title":"Predictive value of IL-8 for sepsis and severe infections after burn injury: a clinical study","volume":"43","author":"Kraft","year":"2015","journal-title":"Shock"},{"key":"2021120105043362700_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.0287","article-title":"The third international consensus definitions for sepsis and septic shock (Sepsis-3)","volume":"315","author":"Singer","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2021120105043362700_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0b013e318237d6bf","article-title":"Comparison of mortality associated with sepsis in the burn, trauma, and general intensive care unit patient: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"37","author":"Mann","year":"2012","journal-title":"Shock"},{"key":"2021120105043362700_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2006.07.001","article-title":"Inflammatory markers in patients with severe burn injury. What is the best indicator of sepsis?","volume":"33","author":"Lavrentieva","year":"2007","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"2021120105043362700_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-003-1662-x","article-title":"2001 SCCM\/ESICM\/ACCP\/ATS\/SIS International sepsis definitions conference","volume":"29","author":"Levy","year":"2003","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"2021120105043362700_CIT0008","first-page":"168","article-title":"Accuracy of SOFA score in predicting outcome in medical patients with various diagnosis in intensive care unit in a tertiary care hospital in Northern India","volume":"4","author":"Shabir","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Contemp Med Res"},{"key":"2021120105043362700_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.19.2.403-434.2006","article-title":"Burn wound infections","volume":"19","author":"Church","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"2021120105043362700_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2017.12.009","article-title":"Incidence of risk factors for bloodstream infections in patients with major burns receiving intensive care: a retrospective single-center cohort study","volume":"44","author":"Fochtmann-Frana","year":"2018","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"2021120105043362700_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2017.03.026","article-title":"Procalcitonin for the early diagnosis of sepsis in burn patients: a retrospective study","volume":"43","author":"Cabral","year":"2017","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"2021120105043362700_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2016.10.020","article-title":"Burns and long-term infectious disease morbidity: a population-based study","volume":"43","author":"Duke","year":"2017","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"2021120105043362700_CIT0013","first-page":"177","article-title":"A SIRS-based automated alarm system for the diagnosis of sepsis after burn injury","volume":"30","author":"Gille","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Burns Fire Disasters"},{"key":"2021120105043362700_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2029","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000000400","article-title":"A new marker of sepsis post burn injury?*","volume":"42","author":"Paratz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2021120105043362700_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2013.11.018","article-title":"Procalcitonin in the burn unit and the diagnosis of infection","volume":"40","author":"Seoane","year":"2014","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"2021120105043362700_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1097\/01.BCR.0000105095.94766.89","article-title":"Procalcitonin in pediatric burn patients: an early indicator of sepsis?","volume":"25","author":"Neely","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Burn Care Rehabil"},{"key":"2021120105043362700_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2006.10.401","article-title":"Evaluation of serum procalcitonin concentration in the ICU following severe burn","volume":"33","author":"Bargues","year":"2007","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"2021120105043362700_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-020-0145-5","article-title":"Burn injury","volume":"6","author":"Jeschke","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"2021120105043362700_CIT0019","first-page":"6367","article-title":"Comparison of systemic inflammation response and vital organ damage induced by severe burns in different area","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Pathol"},{"key":"2021120105043362700_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s41038-017-0089-5","article-title":"Sepsis in the burn patient: a different problem than sepsis in the general population","volume":"5","author":"Greenhalgh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Burns Trauma"},{"key":"2021120105043362700_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10939","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-29158-3","article-title":"Predictors of early onset multiple organ dysfunction in major burn patients with ventilator support: experience from a mass casualty explosion","volume":"8","author":"Feng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"}],"container-title":["Journal of Burn Care &amp; 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