{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T14:31:40Z","timestamp":1790433100586,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,22]],"date-time":"2021-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619049600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The use of alcohol and illicit substances has been associated with impaired judgment and health, but the effect on inpatient outcomes after burn injury remains unsettled. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of alcohol and illicit substance use on our inpatient burn outcomes. Adult patients admitted with burn injury\u2014including inhalation injury only\u2014between January 1, 2014 and June 30, 2019 were eligible for inclusion. Alcohol use and illicit drug use were identified on admission. Outcomes of interest included requiring mechanical ventilation, admission to the intensive care unit, length of stay, and inpatient mortality. Multivariable linear and logistic regression models were used to estimate the effects of use on inpatient outcomes. A total of 3476 patients were included in our analyses; 8% (n = 284) tested positive for alcohol, 10% (n = 364) tested positive for cocaine, and 27% (n = 930) tested positive for marijuana and at admission. Two hundred and eighty adults (18% of all positive patients) tested positive for at least two substances. Patients who tested positive for alcohol had longer lengths of stay and were more likely to be admitted to the intensive care unit. Patients who tested positive for cocaine had longer overall and intensive care unit lengths of stay. No differences in inpatient outcomes were seen among patients who tested positive for marijuana. Neither alcohol nor illicit substance use appears to affect inpatient mortality after burns. Alcohol and cocaine use significantly increased overall length of stay. Marijuana use had no impact on inpatient outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jbcr\/irab069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,22]],"date-time":"2021-04-22T19:05:42Z","timestamp":1619118342000},"page":"595-599","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Association Between Alcohol, Substance Use, and Inpatient Burn Outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Felicia N","family":"Williams","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, USA"},{"name":"North Carolina Jaycee Burn Center, Chapel Hill, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lori","family":"Chrisco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, USA"},{"name":"North Carolina Jaycee Burn Center, Chapel Hill, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula D","family":"Strassle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Navajas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah L","family":"Laughon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North Carolina Jaycee Burn Center, Chapel Hill, USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanja","family":"Sljivic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, USA"},{"name":"North Carolina Jaycee Burn Center, Chapel Hill, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rabia","family":"Nizamani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, USA"},{"name":"North Carolina Jaycee Burn Center, Chapel Hill, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Charles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Booker","family":"King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, USA"},{"name":"North Carolina Jaycee Burn Center, Chapel Hill, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021080411303756800_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e89","DOI":"10.1097\/BCR.0000000000000407","article-title":"The effect of illicit drug use on outcomes following burn injury","volume":"38","author":"Hodgman","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Burn Care Res"},{"key":"2021080411303756800_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1097\/00004630-199601000-00014","article-title":"Substance abuse in victims of fire","volume":"17","author":"Barillo","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Burn Care Rehabil"},{"key":"2021080411303756800_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/s41038-019-0152-5","article-title":"Substance use and inhalation injury in adult burn patients: retrospective study of the impact on outcomes","volume":"7","author":"Klifto","year":"2019","journal-title":"Burns Trauma"},{"key":"2021080411303756800_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2019.08.003","article-title":"Impact of nicotine\/smoking, alcohol, and illicit substance use on outcomes and complications of burn patients requiring hospital admission: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"46","author":"Klifto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"2021080411303756800_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000001672","article-title":"How does marijuana affect outcomes after trauma in ICU patients? 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