{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T04:47:33Z","timestamp":1774673253648,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,31]],"date-time":"2021-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622419200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Tent fires are a growing issue in regions with large homeless populations given the rise in homelessness within the United States and existing data that suggest worse outcomes in this population. The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics and outcomes of tent fire burn injuries in the homeless population. A retrospective review was conducted involving two verified regional burn centers with patients admitted for tent fire burns between January 2015 and December 2020. Variables recorded include demographics, injury characteristics, hospital course, and patient outcomes. Sixty-nine patients met the study inclusion criteria. The most common mechanisms of injury were by portable stove accident, assault, and tobacco or methamphetamine related. Median percent total body surface area (%TBSA) burned was 6% (interquartile range [IQR] 9%). Maximum depth of injury was partial thickness in 65% (n = 45) and full thickness in 35% (n = 24) of patients. Burns to the upper and lower extremities were present in 87% and 54% of patients, respectively. Median hospital length of stay (LOS) was 10 days (IQR = 10.5) and median ICU LOS was 1 day (IQR = 5). Inhalation injury was present in 14% (n = 10) of patients. Surgical intervention was required in 43% (n = 30) of patients, which included excision, debridement, skin grafting, and escharotomy. In-hospital mortality occurred in 4% (n = 3) of patients. Tent fire burns are severe enough to require inpatient and ICU level of care. A high proportion of injuries involved the extremities and pose significant barriers to functional recovery in this vulnerable population. Strategies to prevent these injuries are paramount.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jbcr\/irab095","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,31]],"date-time":"2021-05-31T18:47:39Z","timestamp":1622486859000},"page":"886-893","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Homeless Tent Fires: A Descriptive Analysis of Tent Fires in the Homeless Population"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Samantha","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA"},{"name":"Los Angeles County Regional Burn Center, Los Angeles County + University of Southern California Medical Center, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katherine J","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA"},{"name":"Los Angeles County Regional Burn Center, Los Angeles County + University of Southern California Medical Center, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3035-6476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher H","family":"Pham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA"},{"name":"Los Angeles County Regional Burn Center, Los Angeles County + University of Southern California Medical Center, USA"},{"name":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zachary J","family":"Collier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Los Angeles County Regional Burn Center, Los Angeles County + University of Southern California Medical Center, USA"},{"name":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Justin M","family":"Dang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Los Angeles County Regional Burn Center, Los Angeles County + University of Southern California Medical Center, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Harriet","family":"Kiwanuka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northern California Regional Burn Center at Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, San Jose, USA"},{"name":"Stanford University, California, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9526-4062","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clifford C","family":"Sheckter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northern California Regional Burn Center at Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, San Jose, USA"},{"name":"Stanford University, California, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haig A","family":"Yenikomshian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Los Angeles County Regional Burn Center, Los Angeles County + University of Southern California Medical Center, USA"},{"name":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9410-6030","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Justin","family":"Gillenwater","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Los Angeles County Regional Burn Center, Los Angeles County + University of Southern California Medical Center, USA"},{"name":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021093015540562900_CIT0001","article-title":"The 2019 Annual Homeless Assessment Report (AHAR) to Congress, Part 1: point-in-time estimates of homelessness"},{"key":"2021093015540562900_CIT0002"},{"key":"2021093015540562900_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1353\/hpu.2010.0378","article-title":"Health status of and access to health services by residents of urban encampments in Los Angeles","volume":"8","author":"Cousineau","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Health Care Poor Underserved"},{"key":"2021093015540562900_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1097\/BCR.0b013e31817112b0","article-title":"Assault and substance abuse characterize burn injuries in homeless patients","volume":"29","author":"Kramer","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Burn Care Res"},{"key":"2021093015540562900_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S38","DOI":"10.1093\/jbcr\/iraa024.062","article-title":"58 The homelessness crisis and burn injuries: a cohort study","volume":"41","author":"Vrouwe","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Burn Care Res"},{"key":"2021093015540562900_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2000.07007.x","article-title":"Sheltered versus nonsheltered homeless women differences in health, behavior, victimization, and utilization of care","volume":"15","author":"Nyamathi","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"2021093015540562900_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1177\/0013916503261385","article-title":"Sleeping rough: exploring the differences between shelter-using and non-shelter-using homeless individuals","volume":"36","author":"Larsen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ Behav"},{"key":"2021093015540562900_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1093\/jbcr\/irz045","article-title":"Homelessness and inpatient burn outcomes in the United States","volume":"40","author":"Kiwanuka","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Burn Care Res"},{"key":"2021093015540562900_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1080\/17457300.2013.825631","article-title":"Homeless in America: injuries treated in US emergency departments, 2007\u20132011","volume":"21","author":"Mackelprang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot"},{"key":"2021093015540562900_CIT0010"},{"key":"2021093015540562900_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1620\/tjem.228.169","article-title":"Deaths due to fires in the tent city set up after the 2011 earthquake in Van, Turkey","volume":"228","author":"Hekimoglu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Tohoku J Exp Med"},{"key":"2021093015540562900_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2017.06.004","article-title":"Association between burn injury and mental illness among burn survivors: a population-based, self-matched, longitudinal cohort study","volume":"225","author":"Mason","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Coll Surg"},{"key":"2021093015540562900_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1093\/jbcr\/iraa090","article-title":"The impact of comorbid conditions on long-term patient-reported outcomes from burn survivors","volume":"41","author":"Sheckter","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Burn Care Res"},{"key":"2021093015540562900_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1097\/BCR.0b013e3181d0f549","article-title":"Obesity: influence on length of hospital stay for the pediatric burn patient","volume":"31","author":"Patel","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Burn Care Res"},{"key":"2021093015540562900_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e89","DOI":"10.1097\/BCR.0000000000000407","article-title":"The effect of illicit drug use on outcomes following burn injury","volume":"38","author":"Hodgman","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Burn Care Res"},{"key":"2021093015540562900_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0179207","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0179207","article-title":"Characteristics, clinical course, and outcomes of homeless and non-homeless patients admitted to ICU: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"12","author":"Smith","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2021093015540562900_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1007\/s10597-019-00470-0","article-title":"Comparing unsheltered and sheltered homeless: demographics, health services use and predictors of health services use","volume":"56","author":"Petrovich","year":"2020","journal-title":"Community Ment Health J"},{"key":"2021093015540562900_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1097\/BCR.0B013E31802C896F","article-title":"Burns as a result of assault: associated risk factors, injury characteristics, and outcomes","volume":"28","author":"Kaufman","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Burn Care Res"},{"key":"2021093015540562900_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-013-3124-4","article-title":"Critical illness in homeless persons is poorly studied: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"40","author":"Chant","year":"2014","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"2021093015540562900_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1097\/BCR.0b013e318204b3ab","article-title":"Hospital length of stay\u2014does 1% TBSA really equal 1 day?","volume":"32","author":"Johnson","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Burn Care Res"},{"key":"2021093015540562900_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2016.12.015","article-title":"Postburn upper extremity occupational therapy","volume":"33","author":"Williams","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hand Clin."},{"key":"2021093015540562900_CIT0022"},{"key":"2021093015540562900_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10071-23137","article-title":"Retrospective evaluation of patients leaving against medical advice in a tertiary care teaching hospital","volume":"23","author":"Mahajan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian J Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2021093015540562900_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e53","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2015.302885","article-title":"Leaving the hospital against medical advice among people who use illicit drugs: a systematic review","volume":"105","author":"Ti","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"2021093015540562900_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-016-3680-8","article-title":"Hospital readmissions in a community-based sample of homeless adults: a matched-cohort study","volume":"31","author":"Saab","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"2021093015540562900_CIT0026"},{"key":"2021093015540562900_CIT0027","volume-title":"Homeless Initiative"},{"key":"2021093015540562900_CIT0028","volume-title":"Mayor Garcetti, L.A. City Council declare shelter crisis; Mayor signs package of ordinances to address L.A.\u2019s homelessness crisis","year":"2018"}],"container-title":["Journal of Burn Care &amp; Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jbcr\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jbcr\/irab095\/38660600\/irab095.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jbcr\/article-pdf\/42\/5\/886\/40485270\/irab095.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jbcr\/article-pdf\/42\/5\/886\/40485270\/irab095.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,30]],"date-time":"2021-09-30T19:18:37Z","timestamp":1633029517000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jbcr\/article\/42\/5\/886\/6290182"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,31]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,31]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,30]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jbcr\/irab095","relation":{},"ISSN":["1559-047X","1559-0488"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1559-047X","type":"print"},{"value":"1559-0488","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,31]]}}}