{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T10:34:48Z","timestamp":1760524488512,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,26]],"date-time":"2023-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682467200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Propranolol, timolol, and minoxidil have all shown benefits in treatment of burn injury and other skin wounds. The study evaluated their effects on full-thickness thermal skin burns in a Wistar rat model.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Performed on 50 female rats; two dorsal skin burns were created on each animal. On the next day, the rats were divided into 5 groups (n = 10); each has received a specific treatment daily for 14 days: group I\u2014topical vehicle (control), group II\u2014topical silver sulfadiazine (SSD), group III\u2014oral propranolol (5.5 mg) associated with topical vehicle, group IV\u2014topical timolol 1% cream, and group V\u2014topical minoxidil 5% cream. Wound contraction rates, malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH, GSSG), and catalase activity in skin and\/or serum were evaluated, and histopathological analyses were performed.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Propranolol did not show advantages in necrosis prevention and wound contraction and healing, and did not reduce oxidative stress. It impaired keratinocyte migration, and promoted ulceration, chronic inflammation, and fibrosis, yet reducing the necrotic zone. Timolol prevented necrosis and promoted contraction and healing, increased antioxidant capacity and promoted keratinocyte migration and neo capillarization in comparison to the other treatments. Minoxidil reduced necrosis and enhanced contraction, resulting in positive outcomes after 1 week of treatment regarding local antioxidant defense, keratinocyte migration, neo capillarization, chronic inflammation, and fibrosis rates. However, after 2 weeks, it resulted in contrasting outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>In conclusion, topical timolol promoted wound contraction and healing, reducing local oxidative stress and improving keratinocyte migration, bringing arguments for potential benefits in skin epithelization.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jbcr\/irad057","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,26]],"date-time":"2023-04-26T15:58:32Z","timestamp":1682524712000},"page":"1466-1477","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["In Vivo Study of the Effects of Propranolol, Timolol, and Minoxidil on Burn Wound Healing in Wistar Rats"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4433-7046","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michel","family":"Freiha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, \u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj-Napoca , Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0184-3144","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcela","family":"Achim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, \u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj-Napoca , Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7163-5930","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bogdan-Alexandru","family":"Gheban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomic Pathology, \u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj-Napoca , Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Remus","family":"Moldovan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, \u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj-Napoca , Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7447-4925","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriela Adriana","family":"Filip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, \u201cIuliu Hatieganu\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Cluj-Napoca , Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023110708035480100_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126.1","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118441213.rtd0127","article-title":"Burns and heat injury","volume-title":"Rook\u2019s textbook of dermatology","author":"Jeschke","year":"2016","edition":"9"},{"year":"2008","author":"World Health Organisation","key":"2023110708035480100_CIT0002"},{"key":"2023110708035480100_CIT0003","first-page":"460841","article-title":"Development of animal model for studying deep second-degree thermal burns","volume":"2012","author":"Tavares Pereira Ddos","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Biomed Biotechnol"},{"key":"2023110708035480100_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2485","DOI":"10.1517\/14656566.2012.738195","article-title":"Burns: an update on current pharmacotherapy","volume":"13","author":"Rojas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Expert Opin Pharmacother"},{"key":"2023110708035480100_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2007.04.009","article-title":"Oxidative stress and anti-oxidative mobilization in burn injury","volume":"34","author":"Parihar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"2023110708035480100_CIT0006","first-page":"9","article-title":"Burn wound infections and antibiotic susceptibility patterns at Pakistan institute of medical sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan","volume":"4","author":"Saaiq","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J Plast Surg"},{"key":"2023110708035480100_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-015-0961-2","article-title":"Burn wound healing and treatment: review and advancements","volume":"19","author":"Rowan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"2023110708035480100_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medin.2014.08.002","article-title":"Systematic review of the effect of propanolol on hypermetabolism in burn injuries","volume":"39","author":"N\u00fa\u00f1ez-Villaveir\u00e1n","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med Intensiva"},{"key":"2023110708035480100_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yasu.2013.02.001","article-title":"Is propranolol of benefit in pediatric burn patients","volume":"47","author":"Finnerty","year":"2013","journal-title":"Adv Surg"},{"key":"2023110708035480100_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1690","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e31818cbf67","article-title":"Low-dose propranolol improves cutaneous wound healing of burn-injured rats","volume":"122","author":"Romana-Souza","year":"2008","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"2023110708035480100_CIT0011","volume-title":"Mosby\u2019s drug reference for health professions","author":"Hochadel","year":"2014","edition":"4"},{"issue":"5","key":"2023110708035480100_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1111\/ced.15021","article-title":"Topical timolol in dermatology: infantile haemangiomas and beyond","volume":"47","author":"Alzaid","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"2023110708035480100_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-018-1815-y","article-title":"Effect of topical timolol on response rate and adverse events in infantile hemangioma: a meta-analysis","volume":"310","author":"Zheng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol Res"},{"key":"2023110708035480100_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2017.04.019","article-title":"Topical timolol promotes healing of chronic leg ulcer","volume":"5","author":"Thomas","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord"},{"key":"2023110708035480100_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1667\/RR14884.1","article-title":"The beta 2 adrenergic receptor antagonist timolol improves healing of combined burn and radiation wounds","volume":"189","author":"Albrecht","year":"2018","journal-title":"Radiat Res"},{"key":"2023110708035480100_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1089\/wound.2019.0970","article-title":"Absorption and safety of topically applied timolol for treatment of chronic cutaneous wounds","volume":"8","author":"Gallegos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv Wound Care"},{"key":"2023110708035480100_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12259181","article-title":"Direct effects of minoxidil on epidermal cells in culture","volume":"82","author":"Cohen","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"2023110708035480100_CIT0018","first-page":"496","article-title":"Selective depression of lysyl hydroxylase activity in human skin fibroblasts by minoxidil","volume":"86(4)","author":"Murad","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Invest Derm"},{"key":"2023110708035480100_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11973","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)45304-5","article-title":"Suppression of fibroblast proliferation and lysyl hydroxylase activity by minoxidil","volume":"262","author":"Murad","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2023110708035480100_CIT0020","first-page":"243","article-title":"Effects of minoxidil gel on burn wound healing in rats","volume":"13","author":"Khazaeli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Iran J Pharm Res"},{"key":"2023110708035480100_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.4103\/0976-0105.177703","article-title":"A simple practice guide for dose conversion between animals and human","volume":"7","author":"Nair","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Basic Clin Pharm"},{"key":"2023110708035480100_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1001\/archdermatol.2010.67","article-title":"Topical timolol gel for infantile hemangiomas: a pilot study","volume":"146","author":"Pope","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"2023110708035480100_CIT0023","first-page":"624","article-title":"The laboratory rat: relating its age with human\u2019s","volume":"4","author":"Sengupta","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Prev Med"},{"key":"2023110708035480100_CIT0024","volume-title":"Preparation of medicines","author":"Leucu\u0163a","year":"2009","edition":"2"},{"key":"2023110708035480100_CIT0025"},{"key":"2023110708035480100_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvscit.2021.02.008","article-title":"Smartphone application for wound area measurement in clinical practice","volume":"7","author":"Biagioni","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg Cases Innov Tech"},{"key":"2023110708035480100_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/37.7.1273","article-title":"Improved fluorimetric determination of malondialdehyde","volume":"37","author":"Conti","year":"1991","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"2023110708035480100_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(94)33044-1","article-title":"Measurement of protein thiol groups and glutathione in plasma","volume":"233","author":"Hu","year":"1994","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol"},{"key":"2023110708035480100_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-60761-756-3_18","article-title":"Measurement of oxidized\/reduced glutathione ratio","volume":"648","author":"Owen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"key":"2023110708035480100_CIT0030","first-page":"299","article-title":"Regulatory antioxidant enzymes","volume":"108","author":"Pippenger","year":"1998","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"key":"2023110708035480100_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2016.07.027","article-title":"Social challenges of visible scarring after severe burn: a qualitative analysis","volume":"43","author":"Martin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"2023110708035480100_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0625.2010.01105.x","article-title":"The biology of burn injury","volume":"19","author":"Evers","year":"2010","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"2023110708035480100_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.328.7453.1427","article-title":"ABC of burns: pathophysiology and types of burns","volume":"328","author":"Hettiaratchy","year":"2004","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2023110708035480100_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e469","DOI":"10.1097\/BCR.0000000000000355","article-title":"Burns: pathophysiology of systemic complications and current management","volume":"38","author":"Nielson","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Burn Care Res"},{"key":"2023110708035480100_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2009.12.001","article-title":"Burn: an inflammatory process","volume":"59","author":"Ravat","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pathol Biol"},{"key":"2023110708035480100_CIT0036","first-page":"16","article-title":"Analysis of the development mechanism of cytokine storm in severe burn patients complicated with infection","volume":"52","author":"Tang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban"},{"key":"2023110708035480100_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-483X(03)00154-9","article-title":"Free radicals and lipid peroxidation mediated injury in burn trauma: the role of antioxidant therapy","volume":"189","author":"Horton","year":"2003","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"2023110708035480100_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-0358.101319","article-title":"Burn wound: how it differs from other wounds","volume":"45","author":"Tiwari","year":"2012","journal-title":"Indian J Plast Surg"},{"key":"2023110708035480100_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4670","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2004.11.041","article-title":"Reversal of silver sulfadiazine-impaired wound healing by epidermal growth factor","volume":"26","author":"Cho Lee","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"2023110708035480100_CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2003.09.030","article-title":"In vitro cytotoxity of silver: implication for clinical wound care","volume":"30","author":"Poon","year":"2004","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"2023110708035480100_CIT0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2012.931","article-title":"Redox status expressed as GSH:GSSG ratio as a marker for oxidative stress in paediatric tumour patients","volume":"4","author":"Zitka","year":"2012","journal-title":"Oncol Lett"},{"key":"2023110708035480100_CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e15016","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.15016","article-title":"Topical beta-blockers in dermatologic therapy","volume":"34","author":"Filoni","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther"},{"key":"2023110708035480100_CIT0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-019-09876-9","article-title":"The role of \u03b2-blockers in melanoma","volume":"15","author":"De Giorgi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neuroimmune Pharmacol"},{"key":"2023110708035480100_CIT0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.2741\/1184","article-title":"Wound healing: an overview of acute, fibrotic and delayed healing","volume":"9","author":"Diegelmann","year":"2004 1","journal-title":"Front Biosci"}],"container-title":["Journal of Burn Care &amp; Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jbcr\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jbcr\/irad057\/50465167\/irad057.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jbcr\/article-pdf\/44\/6\/1466\/52769713\/irad057.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jbcr\/article-pdf\/44\/6\/1466\/52769713\/irad057.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,7]],"date-time":"2023-11-07T08:06:09Z","timestamp":1699344369000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jbcr\/article\/44\/6\/1466\/7143193"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,26]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,26]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jbcr\/irad057","relation":{},"ISSN":["1559-047X","1559-0488"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1559-047X"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1559-0488"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,26]]}}}