{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T17:15:03Z","timestamp":1740158103987,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]],"date-time":"2023-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698105600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"Center for Translation Science Advancement","award":["KL2TR003143"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KL2TR003143"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The treatment of burn patients using amphetamines is challenging due hemodynamic liabilty and altered physiology. Wide variation exists in the operative timing for this patient population. We hypothesize that burn excision in patients admitted with amphetamine positivity is safe regardless of timing. Data from two verified burn centers between 2017 and 2022 with differing practice patterns in operative timing for amphetamine-positive patients. Center A obtains toxicology only on admission and proceeds with surgery based on hemodynamic status and operative urgency, whereas Center B sends daily toxicology until a negative test results. The primary outcome was the use of vasoactive agents during the index operation, modeled using logistic regression adjusting for burn severity and hospital days to index operation. Secondary outcomes included death and inpatient complications. A total of 270 patients were included, and there were no significant differences in demographics or burn characteristics between centers. Center A screened once and Center B obtained a median of four screens prior to the surgery. The adjusted OR of requiring vasoactive support intraoperatively was not associated with negative toxicology result (P = .821). Having a body surface area burned &amp;gt;20% conferred a significantly higher risk of vasoactive support (adj. OR 13.42 [3.90\u201346.23], P &amp;lt; .001). Mortality, number of operations, stroke, and hospital length of stay were similar between cohorts. Comparison between two verified burn centers indicates that waiting until a negative amphetamine toxicology result does not impact intraoperative management or subsequent burn outcomes. Serial toxicology tests are unnecessary to guide operative timing of burn patients with amphetamine use.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jbcr\/irad165","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,23]],"date-time":"2023-10-23T20:04:58Z","timestamp":1698091498000},"page":"17-24","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Amphetamine Positivity Prior to Burn Surgery Does not Adversely Affect Intraoperative Outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5398-5005","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nada","family":"Rizk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine , 770 Welch Road suite 400, Palo Alto, CA 94304 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-8035-2318","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Crawford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UW Burn Center at Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington , 325 9th Ave Seattle, WA 98104 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Washington , 325 9th Ave Seattle WA 98104 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yvonne","family":"Karanas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Burn Center, Santa Clara Valley Medical Center , 751 S Bascom Ave San Jose, CA 95128 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-8347-8143","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher","family":"Barnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UW Burn Center at Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington , 325 9th Ave Seattle, WA 98104 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Anesthesia, University of Washington , 325 9th Ave Seattle WA 98104 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5231-7745","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tam N","family":"Pham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UW Burn Center at Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington , 325 9th Ave Seattle, WA 98104 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Washington , 325 9th Ave Seattle WA 98104 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Clifford C","family":"Sheckter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine , 770 Welch Road suite 400, Palo Alto, CA 94304 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Regional Burn Center, Santa Clara Valley Medical Center , 751 S Bascom Ave San Jose, CA 95128 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"Burn Incidence Fact Sheet","key":"2024102814494756800_CIT0001"},{"volume-title":"Burn Debridement, Grafting, and Reconstruction.","year":"2022","author":"Browning","key":"2024102814494756800_CIT0002"},{"issue":"7","key":"2024102814494756800_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1721","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2018.01.012","article-title":"Time to start putting down the knife: a systematic review of burns excision tools of randomised and non-randomised trials","volume":"44","author":"Edmondson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Burns"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024102814494756800_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e125","DOI":"10.1097\/BCR.0000000000000475","article-title":"Variations in burn excision and grafting: a Survey of the American Burn Association","volume":"38","author":"Israel","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Burn Care Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024102814494756800_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2016.05.013","article-title":"ISBI practice guidelines for burn care","volume":"42","author":"ISBI Practice Guidelines CommitteeSteering SubcommitteeAdvisory Subcommittee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Burns"},{"issue":"Spec Issue","key":"2024102814494756800_CIT0006","first-page":"129","article-title":"Surgical options in extensive burns management","volume":"5","author":"Ni\u0163escu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Med Life"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024102814494756800_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PRS.0000041445.76730.23","article-title":"Effects of burn wound excision on bacterial colonization and invasion","volume":"111","author":"Barret","year":"2003","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024102814494756800_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/0305-4179(94)90109-0","article-title":"The effect of early surgical intervention on mortality and cost-effectiveness in burn care 1978\u201391","volume":"20","author":"Munster","year":"1994","journal-title":"Burns"},{"issue":"11","key":"2024102814494756800_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-198311000-00007","article-title":"Early excision and grafting vs nonoperative treatment of burns of indeterminant depth: a randomized prospective study","volume":"23","author":"Engrav","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024102814494756800_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/S0305-4179(97)00117-4","article-title":"A retrospective analysis of early excision and skin grafting from 1993\u20131995","volume":"24","author":"Chamania","year":"1998","journal-title":"Burns"},{"issue":"9","key":"2024102814494756800_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8091295","article-title":"Mechanistic and pathophysiological approach for stroke associated with drugs of abuse","volume":"8","author":"Tsatsakis","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"2024102814494756800_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-113-11-821","article-title":"Emergence of recreational drug abuse as a major risk factor for stroke in young adults","volume":"113","author":"Kaku","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"2024102814494756800_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-008-9177-5","article-title":"Cerebrovascular complications of methamphetamine abuse","volume":"10","author":"Ho","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurocrit Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024102814494756800_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2990.2010.01131.x","article-title":"Review: the neuropathology of drug abuse","volume":"37","author":"Buttner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2024102814494756800_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.41.9.1358","article-title":"Occurrence of stroke associated with use\/abuse of drugs","volume":"41","author":"Sloan","year":"1991","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2024102814494756800_CIT0016","first-page":"7542311","article-title":"Hemodynamic effects of methamphetamine and general anesthesia","volume":"2022","author":"Safdari","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anesthesiol Res Pract"},{"key":"2024102814494756800_CIT0017","first-page":"2157295","article-title":"Are intoxicated trauma patients at an increased risk for intraoperative anesthetic complications? A retrospective study","volume":"2020","author":"Wolf","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anesthesiol Res Pract"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024102814494756800_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000001229","article-title":"The impact of pre-injury controlled substance use on clinical outcomes after trauma","volume":"81","author":"Cheng","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"2024102814494756800_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-009-0995-5","article-title":"Urine toxicology screening in Austrian trauma patients: a prospective study","volume":"130","author":"Figl","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024102814494756800_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000001740","article-title":"Analgesia and sedation requirements in mechanically ventilated trauma patients with acute, preinjury use of cocaine and\/or amphetamines","volume":"124","author":"Kram","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anesthesia Analgesia"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024102814494756800_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(05)81214-4","article-title":"Toxicology screening of the trauma patient: a changing profile","volume":"20","author":"Clark","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024102814494756800_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199909000-00026","article-title":"Alcohol and drug use in victims of life-threatening trauma","volume":"47","author":"Madan","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024102814494756800_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.17.1.33","article-title":"Toxicological screening in trauma","volume":"17","author":"Carrigan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Emerg Med J"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024102814494756800_CIT0024","first-page":"809","article-title":"Outcomes of cocaine-positive trauma patients undergoing surgery on the first day after admission","volume":"65","author":"Ryb","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024102814494756800_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.suc.2014.11.001","article-title":"Perioperative management in the patient with substance abuse","volume":"95","author":"Moran","year":"2015","journal-title":"Surg Clin North Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024102814494756800_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e3182ab10de","article-title":"The prevalence and impact of prescription controlled substance use among injured patients at a Level I trauma center","volume":"76","author":"Cannon","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024102814494756800_CIT0027","first-page":"755","article-title":"Increased incidence of complications in trauma patients cointoxicated with alcohol and other drugs","volume":"62","author":"Rootman","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"issue":"9","key":"2024102814494756800_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1500","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2008.02267.x","article-title":"Drug withdrawal, cocaine and sedative use disorders increase the need for mechanical ventilation in medical patients","volume":"103","author":"de Wit","year":"2008","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024102814494756800_CIT0029","first-page":"895","article-title":"Methamphetamines in trauma: effect on injury patterns and outcome","volume":"66","author":"Hadjizacharia","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024102814494756800_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e89","DOI":"10.1097\/BCR.0000000000000407","article-title":"The effect of illicit drug use on outcomes following burn injury","volume":"38","author":"Hodgman","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Burn Care Res"},{"key":"2024102814494756800_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1097\/00004630-199601000-00014","article-title":"Substance abuse in victims of fire","volume":"17","author":"Barillo","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Burn Care Rehabil"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024102814494756800_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1988.01400300079013","article-title":"Marijuana and alcohol use among 1023 trauma patients","volume":"123","author":"Soderstrom","year":"1987","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024102814494756800_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e146","DOI":"10.1097\/BCR.0000000000000107","article-title":"A 365-day view of the difficult patients treated in an Australian adult burn center","volume":"36","author":"Alexander","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Burn Care Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024102814494756800_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2009.12.008","article-title":"The increasing trend in alcohol-related burns: it\u2019s impact on a tertiary burn centre","volume":"36","author":"Holmes","year":"2010","journal-title":"Burns"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024102814494756800_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12","DOI":"10.1097\/BCR.0000000000000192","article-title":"The rapidly increasing trend of cannabis use in burn injury","volume":"36","author":"Jehle","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Burn Care Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024102814494756800_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1080\/10673220591003605","article-title":"Implications of chronic methamphetamine use: a literature review","volume":"13","author":"Meredith","year":"2005","journal-title":"Harv Rev Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024102814494756800_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.4065\/83.1.66","article-title":"Urine drug screening: practical guide for clinicians","volume":"83","author":"Moeller","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024102814494756800_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2758","DOI":"10.1097\/01.BCR.0000085855.14964.01","article-title":"The methamphetamine burn patient","volume":"24","author":"Warner","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Burn Care Rehabil"},{"key":"2024102814494756800_CIT0039","first-page":"e8","article-title":"Effects of elevated blood alcohol levels on burn patient outcomes","volume":"21","author":"Puyana","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eplasty"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024102814494756800_CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1097\/BCR.0b013e3182644c58","article-title":"Implications of alcohol intoxication at the time of burn and smoke inhalation injury: an epidemiologic and clinical analysis","volume":"34","author":"Davis","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Burn Care Res"},{"volume-title":"Drug Enforcement Administration","year":"2019","author":"National Drug Threat Assessment","key":"2024102814494756800_CIT0041"}],"container-title":["Journal of Burn Care &amp; Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jbcr\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jbcr\/irad165\/53670234\/irad165.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jbcr\/article-pdf\/45\/1\/17\/60142991\/irad165.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jbcr\/article-pdf\/45\/1\/17\/60142991\/irad165.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,28]],"date-time":"2024-10-28T14:54:07Z","timestamp":1730127247000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jbcr\/article\/45\/1\/17\/7329295"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,5]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jbcr\/irad165","relation":{},"ISSN":["1559-047X","1559-0488"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1559-047X"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1559-0488"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]]}}}