{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T23:24:36Z","timestamp":1787009076616,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,11]],"date-time":"2024-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726012800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Comprehensive studies on the incidence, risk factors, and prophylactic measures related to venous thromboembolism (VTE) are lacking in burn care. This study characterizes VTE risk and existing prevention measures to improve and inform overall patient care in the field of burn care on a national scale. The US National Trauma Data Bank was queried from 2007 to 2021 to identify burn-injured patients. Descriptive statistics and multivariate regression analyses were used to explore the association between demographic\/clinical characteristics and VTE risk as well as compare various VTE chemoprophylaxis types. There were 326\u2005614 burn-injured patients included for analysis; 5642 (1.7%) experienced a VTE event during their hospitalization. Patients with VTE were significantly older, had greater body mass indexes and % total body surface area, and were more likely to be male (P &amp;lt; .001). History of smoking, hypertension or myocardial infarction, and\/or substance use disorder were significant predictors of VTE (P &amp;lt; .001). Patients who received low molecular weight heparin were less likely to have VTE compared to patients treated with heparin when controlling for other VTE risk factors (odds ratio [OR]: 0.564, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.523-0.607, P &amp;lt; .001). Longer time to VTE chemoprophylaxis (&amp;gt;6 h) initiation was significantly associated with VTE (OR = 1.04, 95% CI: 1.03-1.07, P &amp;lt; .001). This study sheds light on risk factors and chemoprophylaxis in VTE to help guide clinical practice when implementing prevention strategies in patients with burns. This knowledge can be leveraged to refine risk stratification models, inform evidence-based prevention strategies, and ultimately enhance the quality of care for patients with burns at risk of VTE.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jbcr\/irae171","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]],"date-time":"2024-09-10T00:51:08Z","timestamp":1725929468000},"page":"393-399","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Venous Thromboembolism Incidence, Risk Factors, and Prophylaxis in Burn Patients: A National Trauma Database Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0063-8584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eloise W","family":"Stanton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA 90033 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Keck School of Medicine , Los Angeles, CA 90033 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Artur","family":"Manasyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA 90033 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1529-5687","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Callie M","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Utah Health Regional Burn Center , Salt Lake City, UT 84132 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gourang P","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Services, The University of Chicago Medicine, University of Chicago Medicine , Chicago, IL 60637 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5774-4444","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandra M","family":"Lacey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Hennepin Healthcare , Minneapolis, MN 55415 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0519-4388","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taryn E","family":"Travis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Georgetown University School of Medicine, The Burn Center, MedStar Washington Hospital Center , Washington, DC 21044 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3895-2181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastian Q","family":"Vrouwe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Chicago , Chicago, IL 60637 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9526-4062","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clifford C","family":"Sheckter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Regional Burn Center, Santa Clara Valley Medical Center , San Jose, CA 94301 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9410-6030","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Justin","family":"Gillenwater","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Keck School of Medicine , Los Angeles, CA 90033 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12 Suppl 3","key":"2025030503463387700_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.3949\/ccjm.84.s3.04","article-title":"Update on the management of venous thromboembolism","volume":"84","author":"Bartholomew","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cleve Clin J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025030503463387700_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000003475","article-title":"American Association for the Surgery of Trauma\/American College of Surgeons-Committee on Trauma Clinical Protocol for inpatient venous thromboembolism prophylaxis after trauma","volume":"92","author":"Yorkgitis","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025030503463387700_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1097\/ACO.0000000000000567","article-title":"Deep vein thrombosis and venous thromboembolism in trauma","volume":"31","author":"Ruskin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Opin Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"2025030503463387700_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2017.09.018","article-title":"Burn injury: challenges and advances in burn wound healing, infection, pain and scarring","volume":"123","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv Drug Deliv Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025030503463387700_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.c170016","article-title":"Pathophysiologic mechanisms and current treatments for cutaneous sequelae of burn wounds","volume":"8","author":"Hall","year":"2017","journal-title":"Compr Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025030503463387700_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2021.08.026","article-title":"Venous thromboembolism: recent advancement and future perspective","volume":"79","author":"Yamashita","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Cardiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025030503463387700_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0b013e318164f1cd","article-title":"Increasing percent burn is correlated with increasing inflammation in an adult rodent model","volume":"30","author":"Barber","year":"2008","journal-title":"Shock"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025030503463387700_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1398380","article-title":"Hypercoagulability and venous thromboembolism in burn patients","volume":"41","author":"Meizoso","year":"2015","journal-title":"Semin Thromb Hemost"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025030503463387700_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjtee.2021.08.003","article-title":"Trauma-induced pulmonary thromboembolism: what\u2019s update","volume":"25","author":"Mi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chin J Traumatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025030503463387700_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1093\/jbcr\/iraa143","article-title":"Venous thromboembolism chemoprophylaxis in burn patients: a literature review and single-institution experience","volume":"42","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Burn Care Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"2025030503463387700_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0625.2010.01105.x","article-title":"The biology of burn injury","volume":"19","author":"Evers","year":"2010","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025030503463387700_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1177\/1751143715618683","article-title":"Catheter-related thrombosis: a practical approach","volume":"17","author":"Wall","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Intensive Care Soc"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025030503463387700_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2013.10.010","article-title":"Developing a burn injury severity score (BISS): adding age and total body surface area burned to the injury severity score (ISS) improves mortality concordance","volume":"40","author":"Cassidy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Burns"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025030503463387700_CIT0014","first-page":"89","article-title":"A comparison of injury scoring systems in predicting burn mortality","volume":"31","author":"Halgas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Burns Fire Disasters"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025030503463387700_CIT0015","first-page":"73","article-title":"Comparison of","volume":"23","author":"Javali","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian J Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025030503463387700_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2010.04.012","article-title":"Validating the injury severity score (ISS) in different populations: ISS predicts mortality better among Hispanics and females","volume":"166","author":"Bolorunduro","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025030503463387700_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-019-04389-5","article-title":"Incidence of venous thromboembolism in hospitalized pediatric neurosurgical patients: a retrospective 25-year institutional experience","volume":"36","author":"Brown","year":"2020","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025030503463387700_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1177\/1060028016683970","article-title":"Increased enoxaparin dosing for venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in general trauma patients","volume":"51","author":"Walker","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025030503463387700_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2023.12.014","article-title":"Thromboembolic events in burn patients: an analysis of risk factors and different anticoagulants","volume":"50","author":"Schaller","year":"2024","journal-title":"Burns"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025030503463387700_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1097\/BCR.0b013e318204b2ff","article-title":"Venous thromboembolism in thermally injured patients: analysis of the National Burn Repository","volume":"32","author":"Pannucci","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Burn Care Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025030503463387700_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1097\/CORR.0000000000000615","article-title":"Is obesity associated with increased risk of deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism after hip and knee arthroplasty? A large database study","volume":"477","author":"Sloan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025030503463387700_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2014.12.016","article-title":"Primary total knee arthroplasty in super-obese patients: dramatically higher postoperative complication rates even compared to revision surgery","volume":"30","author":"Werner","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025030503463387700_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e517","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20140528-50","article-title":"Multiple lower-extremity and pelvic fractures increase pulmonary embolus risk","volume":"37","author":"Godzik","year":"2014","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025030503463387700_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1067\/msy.2000.108224","article-title":"The risk assessment profile score identifies trauma patients at risk for deep vein thrombosis","volume":"128","author":"Gearhart","year":"2000","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"issue":"9","key":"2025030503463387700_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvx086","article-title":"New insights into the role of adipose tissue in thrombosis","volume":"113","author":"Vilahur","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"2025030503463387700_CIT0026","first-page":"e9370","article-title":"Early detection of deep venous thrombosis in trauma patients","volume":"12","author":"Nielsen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"10","key":"2025030503463387700_CIT0027","first-page":"e47856","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors of deep vein thrombosis among adult surgical patients in Aseer Central Hospital, Saudi Arabia","volume":"15","author":"Alamri","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025030503463387700_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.113.300156","article-title":"Smoking and cardiovascular disease: mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction and early atherogenesis","volume":"34","author":"Messner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"2025030503463387700_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/1747-597X-2-27","article-title":"Cocaine and thrombosis: a narrative systematic review of clinical and in-vivo studies","volume":"2","author":"Wright","year":"2007","journal-title":"Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025030503463387700_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e89","DOI":"10.1097\/BCR.0000000000000407","article-title":"The effect of illicit drug use on outcomes following burn injury","volume":"38","author":"Hodgman","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Burn Care Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025030503463387700_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2019.11.002","article-title":"The role of concomitant alcohol and drug use in increased risk for burn mortality outcomes","volume":"46","author":"Govender","year":"2020","journal-title":"Burns"},{"issue":"12","key":"2025030503463387700_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5837","DOI":"10.1177\/00031348231177922","article-title":"Low molecular weight heparin is superior for venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in high-risk geriatric patients","volume":"89","author":"Deusenberry","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025030503463387700_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000001494","article-title":"Unfractionated heparin versus low-molecular-weight heparin for venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in trauma","volume":"83","author":"Jacobs","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"issue":"9","key":"2025030503463387700_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1177\/0003134820939914","article-title":"Early chemoprophylaxis in severely injured trauma patients reduces risk of venous thromboembolism","volume":"86","author":"Hecht","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025030503463387700_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2019.08.024","article-title":"It\u2019s sooner than you think: blunt solid organ injury patients are already hypercoagulable upon hospital admission\u2014results of a bi-institutional, prospective study","volume":"218","author":"Coleman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025030503463387700_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000002048","article-title":"Dynamic coagulability after injury: is delaying venous thromboembolism chemoprophylaxis worth the wait","volume":"85","author":"Sumislawski","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025030503463387700_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000002830","article-title":"Updated guidelines to reduce venous thromboembolism in trauma patients: a Western Trauma Association critical decisions algorithm","volume":"89","author":"Ley","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"key":"2025030503463387700_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"tkab032","DOI":"10.1093\/burnst\/tkab032","article-title":"Heparin resistance in severe thermal injury: a prospective cohort study","volume":"9","author":"Cato","year":"2021","journal-title":"Burns Trauma"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025030503463387700_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2019.02.011","article-title":"Anti-Xa guided enoxaparin dose adjustment improves pharmacologic deep venous thrombosis prophylaxis in burn patients","volume":"45","author":"Cronin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Burns"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025030503463387700_CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/BCR.0b013e318204b346","article-title":"Enoxaparin and antifactor Xa levels in acute burn patients","volume":"32","author":"Lin","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Burn Care Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"2025030503463387700_CIT0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4871","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-10-120543","article-title":"Bleeding risk and the management of bleeding complications in patients undergoing anticoagulant therapy: focus on new anticoagulant agents","volume":"111","author":"Crowther","year":"2008","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025030503463387700_CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2003.12.019","article-title":"Analysis of deep vein thrombosis in burn patients","volume":"30","author":"Fecher","year":"2004","journal-title":"Burns"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025030503463387700_CIT0043","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11030860","article-title":"Viscoelastic hemostatic assays: a primer on legacy and new generation devices","volume":"11","author":"Volod","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Med Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025030503463387700_CIT0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e3182984911","article-title":"Hypercoagulability after burn injury","volume":"75","author":"Van Haren","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025030503463387700_CIT0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0000000000001484","article-title":"Burn-induced coagulopathies: a comprehensive review","volume":"54","author":"Ball","year":"2020","journal-title":"Shock"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025030503463387700_CIT0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1097\/BCR.0B013E318148C887","article-title":"Practice guidelines for deep venous thrombosis prophylaxis in burns","volume":"28","author":"Faucher","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Burn Care Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"2025030503463387700_CIT0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2011.06.006","article-title":"A survey of current practice patterns in prophylaxis against venous thromboembolism (VTE) and gastrointestinal (GI) ulceration among Canadian burn centers","volume":"37","author":"Abedi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Burns"},{"issue":"2 Suppl","key":"2025030503463387700_CIT0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e227S","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.11-2297","article-title":"Prevention of VTE in nonorthopedic surgical patients: Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines","volume":"141","author":"Gould","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025030503463387700_CIT0049","first-page":"CD008303","article-title":"Thromboprophylaxis for trauma patients","author":"Barrera","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"}],"container-title":["Journal of Burn Care &amp; Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jbcr\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jbcr\/irae171\/59361149\/irae171.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jbcr\/article-pdf\/46\/2\/393\/59361149\/irae171.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jbcr\/article-pdf\/46\/2\/393\/59361149\/irae171.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]],"date-time":"2025-03-04T22:46:54Z","timestamp":1741128414000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jbcr\/article\/46\/2\/393\/7755309"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,11]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,11]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jbcr\/irae171","relation":{},"ISSN":["1559-047X","1559-0488"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1559-047X","type":"print"},{"value":"1559-0488","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,11]]}}}