{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T06:32:47Z","timestamp":1774679567233,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,23]],"date-time":"2024-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729641600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009157","name":"National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["90DPBU0007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["90DPBU0007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009157","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006307","name":"Administration for Community Living","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006307","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Department of Health and Human Services"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Self-inflicted burns (SIBs) represent a distinct entity in burn care often associated with an underlying psychiatric etiology. In this review, we summarize the existing evidence on SIBs in North America to inform targeted prevention and interventions for patients afflicted with SIBs. The following databases were queried to identify relevant articles used for literature review: PubMed, Embase, and Scopus. The main outcome measures were burn characteristics and risk factors of SIBs in the American population. A total of 14,189 patients were included across 13 included studies. The percent of total body surface area burned ranged from less than 1% to 100%, with a mean of 29.6% \u00b1 20.7%. Depressive disorders were the most reported overall; however, among mood disorders, bipolar disorder was also reported frequently, while anxiety was reported least. Motives for self-inflicting burn injury included premeditated self-injury as a coping mechanism, escape or response to delusions, impulsive self-injury, and most commonly, suicidal intention. The majority of the studies reported that preadmission drug and alcohol abuse were associated with the occurrence of SIBs. Other identified risk factors for SIB injury included female sex, younger age, unemployment, and unmarried status. From this, it is imperative that targeted interventions are developed to address the complex interplay of psychiatric disorders, drug use, and other demographic risk factors among the American population. It is crucial for initiatives to emphasize early identification of individuals at risk of self-harm, better access to mental health services, and stronger drug abuse programs to target SIB occurrence in the United States.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jbcr\/irae192","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,17]],"date-time":"2024-10-17T23:23:04Z","timestamp":1729207384000},"page":"241-246","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Rare but Relevant: Characterizing Self-Inflicted Burn Injuries in the United States"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Artur","family":"Manasyan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA 90033 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-1350-4275","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brigette","family":"Cannata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA 90033 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3519-6790","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicolas","family":"Malkoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA 90033 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0063-8584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eloise W","family":"Stanton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Keck School of Medicine , Los Angeles, CA 90033 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8868-6021","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah A","family":"Stoycos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine , Los Angeles, CA 90033 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8230-1565","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haig A","family":"Yenikomshian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Keck School of Medicine , Los Angeles, CA 90033 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9410-6030","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T Justin","family":"Gillenwater","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Keck School of Medicine , Los Angeles, CA 90033 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026032800511387800_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i36","DOI":"10.1136\/injuryprev-2019-043299","article-title":"Epidemiology of injuries from fire, heat and hot substances: global, regional and national morbidity and mortality estimates from the Global Burden of Disease 2017 study","volume":"26","author":"James","year":"2020","journal-title":"Inj Prev"},{"key":"2026032800511387800_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2022.06.014","article-title":"Suicide by self-inflicted burns\u2014a persistent psychiatric problem","volume":"49","author":"Smith","year":"2023","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"2026032800511387800_CIT0003","first-page":"1","article-title":"National burn repository","author":"American Burn Association"},{"key":"2026032800511387800_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1097\/BCR.0b013E31802C8878","article-title":"Suicide by self-immolation: comprehensive overview, experiences and suggestions","volume":"28","author":"Ahmadi","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Burn Care Res"},{"key":"2026032800511387800_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2012.05.022","article-title":"Epidemiology of self-immolation","volume":"39","author":"Rezaeian","year":"2013","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"2026032800511387800_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2004.12.006","article-title":"Case-controlled study of patients with self-inflicted burns","volume":"31","author":"Horner","year":"2005","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"2026032800511387800_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2015.10.010","article-title":"Epidemiology and financial implications of self-inflicted burns","volume":"42","author":"George","year":"2016","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"2026032800511387800_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1097\/BCR.0000000000000100","article-title":"Clinical and psychiatric characteristics of self-inflicted burn patients in the United States: comparison with a nonintentional burn group","volume":"36","author":"Rietschel","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Burn Care Res"},{"key":"2026032800511387800_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2015.09.018","article-title":"Self-inflicted burns: 10 year review and comparison to national guidelines","volume":"42","author":"Caine","year":"2016","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"2026032800511387800_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e057029","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-057029","article-title":"Amphetamine-type stimulant use and self-harm: protocol for a systematic review of observational studies","volume":"12","author":"Cumming","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2026032800511387800_CIT0011","first-page":"121","article-title":"Self-inflicted burns in Mosul: a cross-sectional study","volume":"25","author":"Al-Zacko","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Burns Fire Disasters"},{"key":"2026032800511387800_CIT0012","first-page":"32","article-title":"Self-burns in Fars province, Southern Iran","volume":"5","author":"Mohammadi","year":"2016","journal-title":"World J Plast Surg"},{"key":"2026032800511387800_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2019.08.007","article-title":"Drivers and consequences of self-immolation in parts of Iran, Iraq and Uzbekistan: a systematic review of qualitative evidence","volume":"47","author":"Cleary","year":"2021","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"2026032800511387800_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2022.10.001","article-title":"Self-immolation in the Arab world: a systematic review","volume":"49","author":"El Hayek","year":"2023","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"2026032800511387800_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2017.07.016","article-title":"Self-inflicted burn injuries: etiologies, risk factors and impact on institutional resources","volume":"45","author":"Mushin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"2026032800511387800_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1093\/jbcr\/iraa152","article-title":"Psychosocial determinants of burn-related suicide: evidence from the national violent death reporting system","volume":"42","author":"Abrams","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Burn Care Res"},{"key":"2026032800511387800_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1097\/01.BCR.0000075970.36430.7F","article-title":"Predisposing factors for self-inflicted burns","volume":"24","author":"Pham","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Burn Care Rehabil"},{"key":"2026032800511387800_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2019.09.003","article-title":"Exploratory analysis of long-term physical and mental health morbidity and mortality: a comparison of individuals with self-inflicted versus non-self-inflicted burn injuries","volume":"46","author":"Gueler","year":"2020","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"2026032800511387800_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000293122.43433.72","article-title":"Mortality risk and length of stay associated with self-inflicted burn injury: evidence from a national sample of 30,382 adult patients","volume":"36","author":"Thombs","year":"2008","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026032800511387800_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2007.01.012","article-title":"Who attempts suicide by burning? An analysis of age patterns of mortality by self-inflicted burning in the United States","volume":"29","author":"Thombs","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gen Hosp Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026032800511387800_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1097\/01.BCR.0000216301.48038.F3","article-title":"The epidemiology of intentional burns","volume":"27","author":"Reiland","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Burn Care Res"},{"key":"2026032800511387800_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2018.10.008","article-title":"Incidence of self-inflicted burn injury in patients with major psychiatric illness","volume":"45","author":"Atwell","year":"2019","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"2026032800511387800_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2006.11.006","article-title":"The descriptive epidemiology of intentional burns in the United States: an analysis of the National Burn Repository","volume":"33","author":"Modjarrad","year":"2007","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"2026032800511387800_CIT0024","first-page":"40","article-title":"Mental health resources in the world: results from Project Atlas of the WHO","volume":"1","author":"Saraceno","year":"2002","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026032800511387800_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2011.02.011","article-title":"Self-immolation: socioeconomic, cultural and psychiatric patterns","volume":"37","author":"Poeschla","year":"2011","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"2026032800511387800_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2008.06.012","article-title":"Demographic risk factors for self-immolation: a case-control study","volume":"35","author":"Ahmadi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"2026032800511387800_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1097\/BCR.0b013e31817db963","article-title":"Deliberate self-harm by burning: a retrospective case controlled study","volume":"29","author":"Mulholland","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Burn Care Res"},{"key":"2026032800511387800_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e161","DOI":"10.1097\/BCR.0000000000000324","article-title":"The fire challenge: a case report and analysis of self-inflicted flame injury posted on social media","volume":"37","author":"Avery","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Burn Care Res"},{"key":"2026032800511387800_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102038","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2021.102038","article-title":"Social media use and self-injurious thoughts and behaviors: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"87","author":"Nesi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"key":"2026032800511387800_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-019-0121-0","article-title":"Suicide and suicide risk","volume":"5","author":"Turecki","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"2026032800511387800_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1943-278X.1989.tb00566.x","article-title":"Self-mutilation and eating disorders","volume":"19","author":"Favazza","year":"1989","journal-title":"Suicide Life Threat Behav"},{"key":"2026032800511387800_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/s40337-023-00750-x","article-title":"The relationship between self-control and symptoms of anxiety and depression in patients with eating disorders: a cross-sectional study including exploratory longitudinal data","volume":"11","author":"Eriksson","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Eat Disord"},{"key":"2026032800511387800_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/s41038-019-0145-4","article-title":"Burn recidivism: a 10-year retrospective study characterizing patients with repeated burn injuries at a large tertiary referral burn center in the United States","volume":"7","author":"Laughon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Burns Trauma"},{"key":"2026032800511387800_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1940","DOI":"10.1111\/add.15820","article-title":"Risk of self-harm or suicide associated with specific drug use disorders, 2004-2016: a population-based cohort study","volume":"117","author":"Chai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"2026032800511387800_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1016\/0885-3924(94)90203-8","article-title":"Cold-pressor pain tolerance in opiate and cocaine abusers: correlates of drug type and use status","volume":"9","author":"Compton","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manage"},{"key":"2026032800511387800_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.111.101816","article-title":"Group problem-solving skills training for self-harm: randomised controlled trial","volume":"204","author":"McAuliffe","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Journal of Burn Care &amp; Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jbcr\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jbcr\/irae192\/60701932\/irae192.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jbcr\/article-pdf\/46\/1\/241\/60701932\/irae192.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jbcr\/article-pdf\/46\/1\/241\/60701932\/irae192.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T04:51:21Z","timestamp":1774673481000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jbcr\/article\/46\/1\/241\/7832357"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,23]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,23]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,24]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jbcr\/irae192","relation":{},"ISSN":["1559-047X","1559-0488"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1559-047X","type":"print"},{"value":"1559-0488","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,23]]}}}