{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T15:31:43Z","timestamp":1780759903142,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,17]],"date-time":"2025-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737072000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Cytokine storm can occur in many different clinical conditions and lack of recognition can lead to death. While cytokines have been measured and trended in burn patients, cytokine storm has not been widely discussed or its treatment reported. We present herein the diagnosis and the treatment of a 5-year-old, 91% burn patient, who developed cytokine storm 3 times during his hospital course. Aggressive treatment led to a successful resolution. Cytokine storm should be entertained in patients who develop classic storm signs and symptoms, along with supporting laboratory. Treatment should be tailored to the patients\u2019 clinical picture. More study is warranted to define cytokine storm as well as its treatment in burn patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jbcr\/iraf007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,17]],"date-time":"2025-01-17T06:26:45Z","timestamp":1737095205000},"page":"674-677","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Cytokine Storm in a Massively Burned Pediatric Patient"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-3722-0494","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mala","family":"Sharma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren","family":"Roach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Stead Family Children\u2019s Hospital , Iowa City, IA ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-0888-1976","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashleigh","family":"Bull","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"LeeAnne","family":"Flygt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Stead Family Children\u2019s Hospital , Iowa City, IA ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5569-1230","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zuhair","family":"Ballas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa and the Iowa City VA , Iowa City, IA ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Kurjatko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1375-6988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Madhuradhar","family":"Chegondi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois College of Medicine , Peoria, IL ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Division of Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Stead Family Children\u2019s Hospital , Iowa City, IA ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1424-069X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucy","family":"Wibbenmeyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025081301371790500_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2255","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2026131","article-title":"Cytokine storm","volume":"383","author":"Fajgenbaum","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2025081301371790500_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-med-042921-112837","article-title":"Cytokine storm syndrome","volume":"74","author":"Cron","year":"2023","journal-title":"Annu Rev Med"},{"key":"2025081301371790500_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2022.11.001","article-title":"Immune dysregulation","volume":"151","author":"Long","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2025081301371790500_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2023-224123","article-title":"The 2022 EULAR\/ACR points to consider at the early stages of diagnosis and management of suspected haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis\/macrophage activation syndrome (HLH\/MAS)","volume":"82","author":"Shakoory","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"2025081301371790500_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1097\/01.shk.0000235138.20775.36","article-title":"Serum cytokine differences in severely burned children with and without sepsis","volume":"27","author":"Finnerty","year":"2007","journal-title":"Shock"},{"key":"2025081301371790500_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1097\/01.shk.0000223120.26394.7d","article-title":"Cytokine expression profile over time in severely burned pediatric patients","volume":"26","author":"Finnerty","year":"2006","journal-title":"Shock"},{"key":"2025081301371790500_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.2119\/2007-00132.Finnerty","article-title":"Temporal cytokine profiles in severely burned patients: a comparison of adults and children","volume":"14","author":"Finnerty","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol Med"},{"key":"2025081301371790500_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e3181856241","article-title":"Pathophysiologic response to severe burn injury","volume":"248","author":"Jeschke","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"2025081301371790500_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R90","DOI":"10.1186\/cc6102","article-title":"Burn size determines the inflammatory and hypermetabolic response","volume":"11","author":"Jeschke","year":"2007","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"2025081301371790500_CIT0010","first-page":"391","article-title":"Research advances on severe burn infection and cytokine storm","volume":"39","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Zhonghua Shao Shang Yu Chuang Mian Xiu Fu Za Zhi"},{"key":"2025081301371790500_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.2119\/molmed.2009.00005","article-title":"The hepatic response to thermal injury: is the liver important for postburn outcomes","volume":"15","author":"Jeschke","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol Med"},{"key":"2025081301371790500_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e31828dfbf1","article-title":"Survivors versus nonsurvivors postburn: differences in inflammatory and hypermetabolic trajectories","volume":"259","author":"Jeschke","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"2025081301371790500_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000003516","article-title":"Acute phase response in critically Ill elderly burn patients","volume":"47","author":"Rehou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2025081301371790500_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1080\/110241598750005525","article-title":"Concentrations of cytokines in plasma of patients with large burns: their relation to time after injury, burn size, inflammatory variables, infection, and outcome","volume":"164","author":"Vindenes","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur J Surg"},{"key":"2025081301371790500_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000000786","article-title":"Elevations in inflammatory cytokines are associated with poor outcomes in mechanically ventilated burn patients","volume":"79","author":"Shelhamer","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"key":"2025081301371790500_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3083.2008.02126.x","article-title":"Clinical evaluation of proinflammatory cytokine inhibitors (sTNFR I, sTNFR II, IL-1 ra), anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, IL-13) and activation of neutrophils after burn-induced inflammation","volume":"68","author":"Sikora","year":"2008","journal-title":"Scand J Immunol"},{"key":"2025081301371790500_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1016\/S0305-4179(02)00113-4","article-title":"Deficient transforming growth factor beta and interleukin-10 responses contribute to the septic death of burned patients","volume":"28","author":"Yeh","year":"2002","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"2025081301371790500_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100743","DOI":"10.1016\/j.blre.2020.100743","article-title":"The looming storm: blood and cytokines in COVID-19","volume":"46","author":"Kaur","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood Rev"},{"key":"2025081301371790500_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1016\/S0305-4179(03)00196-7","article-title":"Serum cholesterol and triglycerides: potential role in mortality prediction","volume":"29","author":"Kamolz","year":"2003","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"2025081301371790500_CIT0020","first-page":"145","article-title":"Characteristics and outcome influence of increased plasma triglyceride level in severely burned adult patients","volume":"34","author":"Lam","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Burns Fire Disasters"},{"key":"2025081301371790500_CIT0021","first-page":"147","article-title":"Is hypertriglyceridemia a prognostic factor in sepsis","volume":"10","author":"Cetinkaya","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ther Clin Risk Manag"},{"key":"2025081301371790500_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3005","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-021687","article-title":"Interleukin-6 stimulates lipolysis and fat oxidation in humans","volume":"88","author":"van Hall","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"}],"container-title":["Journal of Burn Care &amp; Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jbcr\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jbcr\/iraf007\/61484190\/iraf007.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jbcr\/article-pdf\/46\/3\/674\/61484190\/iraf007.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jbcr\/article-pdf\/46\/3\/674\/61484190\/iraf007.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]],"date-time":"2025-08-13T05:37:25Z","timestamp":1755063445000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jbcr\/article\/46\/3\/674\/7959397"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Jeffrey W","family":"Shupp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,17]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jbcr\/iraf007","relation":{},"ISSN":["1559-047X","1559-0488"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1559-047X","type":"print"},{"value":"1559-0488","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,17]]}}}