{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T05:20:39Z","timestamp":1784784039940,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,9]],"date-time":"2025-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746748800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Frostbite is a thermal tissue injury that can occur following prolonged exposure to freezing temperatures, often resulting in tissue ischemia and sometimes requiring amputation. The American Burn Association recommends rapid rewarming of frostbite injuries in 38\u201342 \u00b0C water for 15\u201330 minutes, but clinical application of this recommendation is often inconsistent. Our objective was to find a method to better facilitate frostbite treatment by creating a continuous-temperature circulating water bath and demonstrating its effectiveness with a proof-of-concept, descriptive study. We hypothesized that this design would effectively rewarm chilled extremities within 30 minutes without healthcare workers being required to continually monitor and maintain water temperature. We constructed a continuous-temperature circulating water bath system using a reservoir and an Anova Precision Cooker NANO. Pig feet were chilled and then immersed in 39.0 \u00b0C water with or without the Anova Precision Cooker NANO. Without the Anova Precision Cooker NANO, tissue warmed from 3.2 \u00b1 0.3 \u00b0C to 34.2 \u00b1 0.2 \u00b0C over 30 minutes (final water temperature of 36.5 \u00b1 0.1 \u00b0C). With it, tissue warmed from 2.7 \u00b1 0.2 \u00b0C to 36.7 \u00b1 0.2 \u00b0C (final water temperature of 39.1 \u00b1 0.1 \u00b0C). The continuous-temperature circulating water bath offers a standardized, reliable, and effective method for rewarming hypothermic tissue. Our approach could provide a solution to inconsistent and impractical frostbite rewarming methods in clinical settings to better promote rewarming compliance. Further studies are ongoing to validate the feasibility of using the continuous-temperature circulating water bath in clinical practice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jbcr\/iraf073","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]],"date-time":"2025-04-29T07:55:22Z","timestamp":1745913322000},"page":"1190-1193","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A Proof-of-Concept for a Continuous-Temperature Circulating Water Bath in Frostbite Limb Rewarming"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Robert","family":"McKenzie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zo\u00eb","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Kilcommons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua N","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-3904-2164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexis","family":"Armour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025110904183645600_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1093\/jbcr\/irad022","article-title":"Plast ReconstrAssociation clinical practice guidelines on the treatment of severe frostbite","volume":"45","author":"Wibbenmeyer","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Burn Care Res"},{"key":"2025110904183645600_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1007\/s11626-017-0201-y","article-title":"Best practices for cryopreserving, thawing, recovering, and assessing cells","volume":"53","author":"Baust","year":"2017","journal-title":"In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim"},{"key":"2025110904183645600_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"irab218","DOI":"10.1093\/jbcr\/irab218","article-title":"The effects of rapid rewarming on tissue salvage in severe frostbite injury","volume":"43","author":"Rogers","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Burn Care Res"},{"key":"2025110904183645600_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E585","DOI":"10.9778\/cmajo.20200214","article-title":"Management of severe frostbite with iloprost, alteplase, and heparin: a Yukon case series","volume":"9","author":"Poole","year":"2021","journal-title":"CMAJ Open"},{"key":"2025110904183645600_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e4618","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000004618","article-title":"Practical review of the current management of frostbite injuries","volume":"10","author":"Zaramo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open"},{"key":"2025110904183645600_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2019.05.009","article-title":"A novel approach to rapid rewarming of a frostbitten extremity: the sous vide method","volume":"38","author":"Fiutko","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"key":"2025110904183645600_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2039","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/usaa213","article-title":"Expeditionary immersion circulating heating device: a promising technique for treating frostbite injuries and warming intravenous fluids in a forward-deployed cold weather environment","volume":"185","author":"Vinceslio","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mil Med"},{"key":"2025110904183645600_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.15061","article-title":"Assessment of sous vide water baths in the acute rewarming of frostbitten extremities: a multicenter study","volume":"00","author":"Daniel","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med"}],"container-title":["Journal of Burn Care &amp; Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jbcr\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jbcr\/iraf073\/63133113\/iraf073.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jbcr\/article-pdf\/46\/6\/1190\/63133113\/iraf073.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jbcr\/article-pdf\/46\/6\/1190\/63133113\/iraf073.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,9]],"date-time":"2025-11-09T09:18:41Z","timestamp":1762679921000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jbcr\/article\/46\/6\/1190\/8127661"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,4]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,4]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jbcr\/iraf073","relation":{},"ISSN":["1559-047X","1559-0488"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1559-047X","type":"print"},{"value":"1559-0488","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,4]]}}}