{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T22:37:45Z","timestamp":1789684665368,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,13]],"date-time":"2025-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752364800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":30,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the National Institutes of Health","award":["UM1TR004403"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UM1TR004403"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Patients with severe burns are more vulnerable to infection, sepsis, and death. With heavy use of antimicrobials, changes in burn wound microbial and antibiotic resistance patterns have been reported; however, the literature remains scarce. This study assessed wound colonization trends in first positive cultures in our burn unit over the last decade. This is a retrospective cohort study including all patients admitted to our burn unit from July 2013 to June 2023. Demographics, TBSA, injury mechanism and admission information were obtained. Wound culture information including date of positive cultures, type of organisms, and antibiotic susceptibility data was also collected. Patients were stratified based on TBSA as small (&amp;lt;10%), moderate (10%-19.9%), and severe burns (\u226520%). Descriptive statistics were obtained. Generalized linear models were fit to assess the trends of positive cultures over time for the 3 TBSA strata. A total of 2755 patients were included; median age was 38\u00a0years, 72.2% were male; 74.1%, 15.9%, and 10.1% presented with small, moderate, and severe burns, respectively. Wound cultures on initial presentation were performed in 40.3% of our population with 600 cases having positive first cultures; 84.7% grew Gram-positive, 35.7% Gram-negative, and 9.7% fungal organisms. Data showed an increase in Gram-positive and fungal species over the study period in first positive cultures of severe burn patients. We also found increasing rates of resistance for several antibiotics, including erythromycin, oxacillin, and vancomycin. Future studies are warranted to evaluate changes in microorganism growth throughout the hospital course of severe burn patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jbcr\/iraf130","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,13]],"date-time":"2025-07-13T03:45:16Z","timestamp":1752378316000},"page":"63-69","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Trends in First Positive Culture Results in Major Burn Center Over a 10-Year Period"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2829-5640","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabrielle Bierlein-De","family":"La Rosa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City , Iowa City, IA 52242 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5041-0708","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick","family":"Ten Eyck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Clinical and Translational Science, University of Iowa, Iowa City , Iowa City, IA 52242 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5931-2143","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Colette","family":"Galet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA 52242 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-7409-8075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shady","family":"Al Hayek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA 52242 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026010605123086500_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cnc.2018.05.010","article-title":"Sepsis in the burn patient","volume":"30","author":"Manning","year":"2018","journal-title":"Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am"},{"key":"2026010605123086500_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R183","DOI":"10.1186\/cc8170","article-title":"The leading causes of death after burn injury in a single pediatric burn center","volume":"13","author":"Williams","year":"2009","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"2026010605123086500_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/0305-4179(84)90156-6","article-title":"An epidemiological profile and trend analysis of wound flora in burned children: 7 years\u2019 experience","volume":"11","author":"Bowser-Wallace","year":"1984","journal-title":"Burns Incl Therm Inj"},{"key":"2026010605123086500_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-020-4920-4","article-title":"Trends in microbial profile of burn patients following an event of dust explosion at a tertiary medical center","volume":"20","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026010605123086500_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina58081066","article-title":"Infections in burn patients: a retrospective view over seven years","volume":"58","author":"Tsolakidis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Medicina (Kaunas)"},{"key":"2026010605123086500_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/jbcr\/iraa039","article-title":"Characteristics and evolution of microbial drug resistance in burnt patients","volume":"45","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Burn Care 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Elm","year":"2007","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"2026010605123086500_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1097\/00004630-199009000-00009","article-title":"A survey of wound monitoring and topical antimicrobial therapy practices in the treatment of burn injury","volume":"11","author":"Taddonio","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Burn Care Rehabil"},{"key":"2026010605123086500_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.586195","article-title":"Severe altered immune status after burn injury is associated with bacterial infection and septic shock","volume":"12","author":"Moins-Teisserenc","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2026010605123086500_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23020716","article-title":"Innate immune system response to burn damage-focus on cytokine alteration","volume":"23","author":"Sierawska","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2026010605123086500_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2013.134","article-title":"Infection in burns","volume":"17","author":"Norbury","year":"2016","journal-title":"Surg Infect"},{"key":"2026010605123086500_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.04.008","article-title":"Temporal stability of the human skin microbiome","volume":"165","author":"Oh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2026010605123086500_ref15","volume-title":"StatPearls","author":"Levitus","year":"2025"}],"container-title":["Journal of Burn Care &amp; 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