{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T13:20:00Z","timestamp":1777987200666,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771545600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000090","name":"Department of Defense\/Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["MB1700-43"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MB1700-43"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000090","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Shriners Hospitals for Children\u2014Boston","award":["79136-BOS-23"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["79136-BOS-23"]}]},{"name":"Shriners Hospitals for Children\u2014Boston","award":["79138-BOS-23"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["79138-BOS-23"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009157","name":"National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["90DPBU0008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["90DPBU0008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009157","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The burden of alcohol and substance use disorder is disproportionately high among patients with burn injuries and portends worse clinical outcomes. The Cut down, Annoyed, Guilty, and Eye-opener (CAGE) questionnaire is a validated 4-question screen for alcohol and drug use. This study aimed to identify demographic and clinical variables that predict positive CAGE screens or negative-to-positive screen conversion in burn survivors and to examine psychosocial and functional outcomes. The Burn Model System database was used to assess characteristics of patients with burn injuries who completed a CAGE screen at discharge (1994-2023). The relationship between CAGE scores and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), PROMIS (Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System)-Anxiety, -Depression, -Pain Interference, and -Physical Function were analyzed. Mean length of hospital stay was longer in patients with positive CAGE screens (34.0 vs 25.1\u00a0days, P &amp;lt; .001). Mean number of surgeries demonstrated a similar association (2.8 vs 2.2, P &amp;lt; .001). Significant differences were also observed by ethnicity, race, employment status, burn mechanism, marital status, and insurance type. Drug misuse at the time of injury was significantly higher in CAGE-positive patients (34.9% vs 6.6%, P &amp;lt; .001). Younger age (P = .004) and unemployment (P = .001) were significantly associated with transition to a positive CAGE screen within 24\u00a0months. At 12\u00a0months, a positive CAGE screen was associated with lower SWLS (P &amp;lt; .001) and higher (detrimental) PROMIS-Anxiety (P = .006) and -Depression (P = .019) scores. These data suggest significant associations between positive CAGE screens, as a surrogate for drug and alcohol misuse, and measures of burn severity (length of stay and number of surgeries), psychological stress (anxiety and depression), and social dysfunction (unemployment).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jbcr\/irag003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T10:36:03Z","timestamp":1771583763000},"page":"824-832","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association of the CAGE Questionnaire for Alcohol and Substance Misuse With Burn Patient Demographics and Outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6262-6648","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kiran U","family":"Dyamenahalli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, TN ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lauren J","family":"Shepler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6455-936X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Colleen M","family":"Ryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sumner M. Redstone Burn Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Shriners Children\u2019s-Boston , Boston, MA ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3405-6064","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caitlin","family":"Orton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sumner M. Redstone Burn Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8230-1565","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haig A","family":"Yenikomshian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7812-9187","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nhi-Ha","family":"Trinh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Brigham Academic Medical Center, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lewis E","family":"Kazis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Boston University School of Public Health , Boston, MA ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1288-4280","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mary D","family":"Slavin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Boston University School of Public Health , Boston, MA ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6316-7201","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kara","family":"McMullen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine , Seattle, WA ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6652-7700","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeffrey C","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8717-852X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeremy","family":"Goverman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sumner M. 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