{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T11:43:20Z","timestamp":1792842200744,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":99,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769126400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001411","name":"Indian Council of Medical Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2021-15059"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-15059"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001411","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Burn injuries represent a worldwide public health concern. Nigella sativa (NS), a herbal medicinal plant, widely used in Ayurveda, Unani, and Siddha holds potential to address this issue. This review evaluated the potential of NS extract and its key component, Thymoquinone (TQ), in accelerating burn wound healing, focusing on their mechanisms, safety, and efficacy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Studies were retrieved from PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect using keywords \u201cNigella sativa,\u201d \u201cThymoquinone,\u201d \u201cburns,\u201d and \u201cwound healing.\u201d Reports were screened for suitability, and the scientific name was verified on www.worldfloraonline.org.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>NS extract and TQ accelerate burn wound healing in vitro and in vivo through various mechanisms involving anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-microbial, and tissue regenerative effects. TQ achieved 91.35% wound closure in NIH\/3T3 cells and wound closure rate of 2.35% \u00b1 0.05% in 3T3-CCL92 cells. It also reduced oxidative stress and inflammation in murine burn models. Nanoformulations of TQ showed higher safety (LD50: 300\u20132000 mg\/kg) than pure TQ (LD50: 50\u2013300 mg\/kg). A Phase I trial confirmed the safety of black cumin oil (5% TQ) at 200 mg\/day for 90 days in healthy adults.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Formulations based on NS extract and TQ can manage burn injuries and be extrapolated into clinical settings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jbcr\/irag006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T13:00:45Z","timestamp":1769086845000},"page":"746-756","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["<i>Nigella sativa<\/i>\n                    and Its Bioactive Compound Thymoquinone in Burn Therapy: Mechanisms, Efficacy, and Safety"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Sonali","family":"Karhana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational & Clinical Research, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard , New Delhi 110062 ,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Garzain","family":"Bint e Attar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational & Clinical Research, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard , New Delhi 110062 ,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wala","family":"Alshammari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, University of Ha\u2019il , Hail 81451 ,","place":["Saudi Arabia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohd Ashif","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational & Clinical Research, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard , New Delhi 110062 ,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026050508224100600_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-020-0145-5","article-title":"Burn injury","volume":"6","author":"Jeschke","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"2026050508224100600_ref2","first-page":"95","article-title":"Burn injury: review of pathophysiology and therapeutic modalities in major burns","volume":"30","author":"Kaddoura","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Burns Fire Disasters"},{"key":"2026050508224100600_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.328.7453.1427","article-title":"Pathophysiology and types of burns","volume":"328","author":"Hettiaratchy","year":"2004","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2026050508224100600_ref4","volume-title":"Handbook of Global Health","author":"Jagnoor","year":"2021"},{"key":"2026050508224100600_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2349","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1807442","article-title":"Management of burns","volume":"380","author":"Greenhalgh","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026050508224100600_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000010595","article-title":"The global macroeconomic burden of burn injuries","volume":"153","author":"Gerstl","year":"2024","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"2026050508224100600_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16357","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms242216357","article-title":"An overview of recent developments in the management of burn injuries","volume":"24","author":"Radzikowska-B\u00fcchner","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2026050508224100600_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASW.0000549612.44844.75","article-title":"An introduction to burn care","volume":"32","author":"Hermans","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv Skin Wound Care"},{"key":"2026050508224100600_ref9","volume-title":"Modern treatment of severe burns","author":"Fang","year":"&  ; 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