{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T14:31:27Z","timestamp":1793802687705,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784678400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Severe burns continue to impose significant global morbidity and mortality, particularly where surgical and critical-care resources are limited. As survival has improved, attention has shifted toward optimizing reconstruction. Bioprinted and lab-grown skin substitutes\u2014building on advances in tissue engineering, cellular scaffolds, and 3D bioprinting\u2014offer new possibilities for coverage, yet raise ethical, legal, and distributive challenges that remain underexamined in burn care. A narrative review was conducted using PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar (2010-2025), supplemented by foundational legal and bioethics literature. Sources were selected for conceptual and policy relevance to ownership, consent, commercialization, intellectual property (IP), and equity in regenerative skin technologies. Fifty publications spanning burn surgery, biobanking, organoid governance, IP law, and global health were synthesized inductively. Five major ethical domains emerged: (1) ambiguous ownership and ontological status of hybrid bioprinted tissues; (2) inadequacy of consent processes to address commercialization and downstream uses of patient-derived cells; (3) complex IP environments that may restrict access and clinical innovation; (4) distributive injustice driven by high costs and global resource disparities; and (5) a near absence of empirical ethics research involving burn patients or care teams. Bioprinted and lab-grown skin substitutes could transform burn reconstruction, but current ethical and regulatory frameworks lag behind. Addressing ownership, consent, commercialization, and equity\u2014supported by robust empirical engagement with patients\u2014is essential for responsible integration of these technologies into burn care.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jbcr\/irag125","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T11:57:56Z","timestamp":1784721476000},"page":"1664-1671","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ethical Challenges of Bioprinted and Lab-Grown Skin Substitutes in Burn Care"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-6426-5915","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joshua","family":"Khorsandi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at University of Nevada Las Vegas , Las Vegas, NV 89106 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-2807-0789","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian","family":"Mansoury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at University of Nevada Las Vegas , Las Vegas, NV 89106 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0844-9357","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abu-Bakr","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at University of Nevada Las Vegas , Las Vegas, NV 89106 ,","place":["United 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Vegas , Las Vegas, NV 89106 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua","family":"MacDavid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Nevada Las Vegas , Las Vegas, NV 89106 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026110409165299000_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2349","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1807442","article-title":"Management of burns","volume":"380","author":"Greenhalgh","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026110409165299000_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1097\/BCR.0b013e318198a64c","article-title":"Silver absorption on burns after the application of Acticoat\u2122: data from pediatric patients and a porcine burn 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