{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T15:43:07Z","timestamp":1787586187433,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]],"date-time":"2019-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564617600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Burn-related injury is a global public health problem with significant rates of morbidity and mortality. The adverse effect of burn leads to substantial functional, psychological, and economic repercussions. Low- and middle-income countries, including Lebanon, carry a disproportionately greater burden of burn injuries. This study adopted a mixed method approach to explore burn-related injuries in a sample (n = 347) of refugee children settling in Lebanon. We reviewed 179 cases of patients records that met the criteria of a child aged 0 to 19 years and has sustained a burn due to living conditions. War-related burn injuries were excluded. The findings demonstrate that there is a significantly higher proportion of 0- to 4-year-olds with burn injuries (53.6%) compared with the older age groups. Scald burns, caused by boiling liquid, were the most common cause of burns (58.6%), followed by fire\/open flame (12.8%) and heat contact (6.7%). Upper trunk and arm burns were significantly higher than other body parts (35.2%), females were among the potential at-risk group with due to boiling liquids caused by food preparation and serving. Fifteen to nineteen years showed a high proportion of fire\/flame burn caused by labor accident. Qualitative analysis of case reports further confirmed our findings and emphasized the impact of low socioeconomic status, overcrowded living conditions and open floor cooking and heating on increasing risk of pediatric burns. Additional research is needed to increase understanding on risk factors pertaining to pediatric burns in the refugee community with a view to integrating appropriate preventive measures and informing evidence-based policies and programs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jbcr\/irz080","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]],"date-time":"2019-08-01T10:50:29Z","timestamp":1564656629000},"page":"769-775","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Pediatric Burns Among Refugee Communities in Lebanon: Evidence to Inform Policies and Programs"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Samar","family":"Al-Hajj","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Pike","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Oneissi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgery Department, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"British Columbia Injury Research and Prevention Unit, British Columbia Children\u2019s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ghassan","family":"Abu-Sittah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2019101713494064400_CIT0001","volume-title":"World report on child injury prevention","author":"Peden","year":"2009"},{"key":"2019101713494064400_CIT0002","first-page":"27","volume-title":"Fire-related burns. The injury chart book: a graphical overview of the global burden of injuries","author":"Peden","year":"2002"},{"key":"2019101713494064400_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1736","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32203-7","article-title":"Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality for 282 causes of death in 195 countries and territories, 1980\u20132017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017","volume":"392","author":"GBD 2017 Causes of Death Collaborators","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2019101713494064400_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2005.02.016","article-title":"A global study of hospitalized paediatric burn patients","volume":"31","author":"Burd","year":"2005","journal-title":"Burns"},{"issue":"5","key":"2019101713494064400_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2006.04.002","article-title":"Burns in low- and middle-income countries: a review of available literature on descriptive epidemiology, risk factors, treatment, and prevention","volume":"32","author":"Forjuoh","year":"2006","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"2019101713494064400_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2007.08.014","article-title":"Burns and fires from non-electric domestic appliances in low and middle income countries Part I. The scope of the problem","volume":"34","author":"Peck","year":"2008","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"2019101713494064400_CIT0007","first-page":"13","article-title":"Optimizing burn treatment in developing low-and middle-income countries with limited health care resources (Part 3)","volume":"23","author":"Atiyeh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Burns Fire Disasters"},{"key":"2019101713494064400_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.90.4.523","article-title":"The global burden of injuries","volume":"90","author":"Krug","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"2019101713494064400_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2197","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61689-4","article-title":"Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 291 diseases and injuries in 21 regions, 1990\u20132010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010","volume":"380","author":"Murray","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2019101713494064400_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-10-83","article-title":"Epidemiology of burn injuries in the East Mediterranean Region: a systematic review","volume":"10","author":"Othman","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"2019101713494064400_CIT0011","first-page":"59","article-title":"Epidemiology of major burns at the Lebanese Burn Center in Geitawi, Lebanon","volume":"26","author":"Ghanim\u00e9","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Burns Fire Disasters"},{"key":"2019101713494064400_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2017.06.015","article-title":"Epidemiology of burn patients presenting to a tertiary hospital emergency department in Lebanon","volume":"44","author":"Gilbert","year":"2018","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"2019101713494064400_CIT0013","author":"WHO","year":"2017"},{"key":"2019101713494064400_CIT0014","author":"WHO"},{"key":"2019101713494064400_CIT0015","author":"WHO","year":"2015"},{"key":"2019101713494064400_CIT0016","unstructured":"Statistics Department Group. Ministry of Public Health (MoPH) Lebanon. 2017; accessed 12 Feb. 2019; available from http:\/\/www.moph.gov.lb; Internet."},{"key":"2019101713494064400_CIT0017","author":"United Nations High Commissionaires"},{"key":"2019101713494064400_CIT0018","author":"United Nations High Commissionaires for Refugees","year":"2017"},{"key":"2019101713494064400_CIT0019","first-page":"214","article-title":"Refugee camps, fire disasters and burn injuries","volume":"30","author":"Atiyeh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Burns Fire Disasters"},{"key":"2019101713494064400_CIT00020","article-title":"Basics of qualitative research techniques","author":"Strauss","year":"1998"},{"key":"2019101713494064400_CIT0021","author":"United Nations High Commissionaires for Refugees","year":"2017"},{"key":"2019101713494064400_CIT0022","author":"United Nations High Commissionaires for Refugees","year":"2017"},{"key":"2019101713494064400_CIT0023","author":"United Nations High Commissionaires for Refugees"},{"key":"2019101713494064400_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1136\/ip.8.1.38","article-title":"Risk factors for burns in children: crowding, poverty, and poor maternal education","volume":"8","author":"Delgado","year":"2002","journal-title":"Inj Prev"},{"key":"2019101713494064400_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.4314\/eamj.v83i8.9459","article-title":"Mortality from burns in Zaria: an experience in a developing economy","volume":"83","author":"Kalayi","year":"2006","journal-title":"East Afr Med J"},{"key":"2019101713494064400_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2018.02.014","article-title":"Mortality risk factors in war-related pediatric burns: a comparative study among two distinct populations","volume":"44","author":"Buyukbese Sarsu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"2019101713494064400_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1097\/01.FCH.0000347986.44810.59","article-title":"CDC Childhood injury report: patterns of unintentional injuries among 0- to 19-Year olds in the United States, 2000\u20132006","volume":"32","author":"Borse","year":"2009","journal-title":"Family & Community Health"},{"key":"2019101713494064400_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2005.09.004","article-title":"Are paediatric burns more common in asylum seekers? 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