{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T20:20:30Z","timestamp":1791231630920,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,17]],"date-time":"2023-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676592000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Breast angiosarcoma is a rare malignancy of endothelial origin that can be categorized as primary angiosarcoma (PAS) or secondary angiosarcoma (SAS) based on etiology. Primary angiosarcoma typically affects younger women with no known risk factors, whereas SAS of the breast typically develops in older women who have undergone breast cancer treatment. There are two types of SAS, one that develops in the setting of chronic lymphedema and one that develops as a radiation-associated neoplasm after breast-conserving therapy (BCT). Clinically, PAS often presents as a palpable mass that may be rapidly growing, whereas SAS presents with skin changes such as erythematous plaques or nodules or with areas of skin discoloration. Mammographically, the appearance of PAS can be nonspecific and may be obscured by the dense tissue that is characteristic of the young patient population it typically affects. Cases of mammographically occult PAS have been visible at US and MRI. Mammography and US have been found to be less sensitive than MRI for the diagnosis of secondary radiation-associated angiosarcoma. Angiosarcomas, both PAS and SAS, are graded, depending on degree of differentiation, as low, intermediate, or high grade. Endothelial markers such as ERG and CD31 immunohistochemical stains are used to support the diagnosis of angiosarcomas. In this article, we review the clinical presentation, imaging findings, associated histopathology, and treatment of primary and secondary breast angiosarcoma.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jbi\/wbac098","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,17]],"date-time":"2023-02-17T09:35:27Z","timestamp":1676626527000},"page":"329-338","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Breast Angiosarcoma: Imaging Features With Histopathologic Correlation"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Megha M","family":"Kapoor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Breast Imaging , Houston, TX , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esther C","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Pathology , Houston, TX , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei T","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Breast Imaging , Houston, TX , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0942-2731","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miral M","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Breast Imaging , Houston, TX , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023052214291896600_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S510","DOI":"10.21037\/tcr.2019.07.38","article-title":"Angiosarcoma of the breast, the unknown: a review of the current literature","volume":"8","author":"Esposito","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transl Cancer Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023052214291896600_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.07.2909","article-title":"Angiosarcoma of the breast","volume":"190","author":"Glazebrook","year":"2008","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2023052214291896600_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5112","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-021-09689-2","article-title":"Characteristics and long-term risk of breast angiosarcoma","volume":"28","author":"Friedrich","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023052214291896600_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.183.3.1584913","article-title":"Angiosarcoma of the breast","volume":"183","author":"Liberman","year":"1992","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"12","key":"2023052214291896600_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1896","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e318176dbc7","article-title":"Primary angiosarcoma of the breast: clinicopathologic analysis of 49 cases, suggesting that grade is not prognostic","volume":"32","author":"Nascimento","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023052214291896600_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2423060163","article-title":"Mammary angiosarcomas: imaging findings in 24 patients","volume":"242","author":"Yang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"2023052214291896600_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2021.0341","article-title":"Stewart-Treves syndrome","volume":"157","author":"Bernia","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023052214291896600_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-019-05432-4","article-title":"Primary and secondary breast angiosarcoma: single center report and a meta-analysis","volume":"178","author":"Abdou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res Treat"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023052214291896600_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.15.15888","article-title":"Radiation-associated angiosarcoma of the breast: what the radiologist needs to know","volume":"207","author":"Chesebro","year":"2016","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023052214291896600_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.3941\/jrcr.v13i2.3449","article-title":"Primary angiosarcoma of the breast: a case report","volume":"13","author":"Varghese","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Radiol Case Rep"},{"key":"2023052214291896600_CIT0011","first-page":"760","article-title":"Sarcomas","author":"Leung","year":"2019"},{"issue":"7","key":"2023052214291896600_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1097\/RLU.0b013e3181a7d0eb","article-title":"Breast angiosarcoma: FDG PET findings","volume":"34","author":"Zeng","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Nucl Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"2023052214291896600_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3801","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-012-2563-4","article-title":"Cutaneous radiation-associated angiosarcoma of the breast: poor prognosis in a rare secondary malignancy","volume":"19","author":"Morgan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023052214291896600_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4741.2008.00577.x","article-title":"Secondary angiosarcoma of the breast: can imaging findings aid in the diagnosis?","volume":"14","author":"Moore","year":"2008","journal-title":"Breast J"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023052214291896600_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.24822","article-title":"MRI findings of radiation-associated angiosarcoma of the breast (RAS)","volume":"42","author":"Chikarmane","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023052214291896600_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W143","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.05.1940","article-title":"Cutaneous angiosarcoma of the breast on MRI","volume":"187","author":"Sanders","year":"2006","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"2023052214291896600_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-6697-4","volume-title":"Atlas of Differential Diagnosis in Breast Pathology","author":"Tan","year":"2017","edition":"1"},{"key":"2023052214291896600_CIT0018","first-page":"188","volume-title":"Breast Tumours. WHO Classification of Tumours","author":"Goldblum","year":"2019","edition":"5"},{"issue":"4","key":"2023052214291896600_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1111\/tbj.13006","article-title":"Distinguishing papillary endothelial hyperplasia and angiosarcoma on core needle biopsy of the breast: the importance of clinical and radiologic correlation","volume":"24","author":"Guilbert","year":"2018","journal-title":"Breast J"},{"key":"2023052214291896600_CIT0020","first-page":"9305811","article-title":"The role of core biopsy versus vacuum-assisted breast biopsy in primary breast angiosarcoma","volume":"2021","author":"Abate","year":"2021","journal-title":"Case Rep Radiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2023052214291896600_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1097\/01.pas.0000156664.04955.83","article-title":"Radiation-associated cutaneous atypical vascular lesions and angiosarcoma: clinicopathologic analysis of 42 cases","volume":"29","author":"Brenn","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2023052214291896600_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e31815bf8fe","article-title":"Atypical vascular lesions after surgery and radiation of the breast: a clinicopathologic study of 32 cases analyzing histologic heterogeneity and association with angiosarcoma","volume":"32","author":"Patton","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023052214291896600_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2009.08.017","article-title":"Atypical vascular lesion of the breast","volume":"63","author":"Mandrell","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023052214291896600_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1177\/106689690301100203","article-title":"Papillary endothelial hyperplasia of the breast: the great impostor for angiosarcoma: a clinicopathologic review of 17 cases","volume":"11","author":"Branton","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Surg Pathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023052214291896600_CIT0025","first-page":"28","article-title":"Primary and secondary angiosarcoma of the breast","volume":"3","author":"Arora","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gland Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"2023052214291896600_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.21497","article-title":"Primary and secondary angiosarcoma of the breast: the Mayo Clinic experience","volume":"101","author":"Scow","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Surg Oncol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Breast Imaging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jbi\/article-pdf\/5\/3\/329\/50416481\/wbac098.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jbi\/article-pdf\/5\/3\/329\/50416481\/wbac098.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,6]],"date-time":"2023-12-06T22:01:54Z","timestamp":1701900114000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jbi\/article\/5\/3\/329\/7044626"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,17]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,22]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jbi\/wbac098","relation":{},"ISSN":["2631-6110","2631-6129"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2631-6110","type":"print"},{"value":"2631-6129","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,17]]}}}