{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T21:01:17Z","timestamp":1787950877054,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,29]],"date-time":"2024-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724889600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Radial sclerosing lesions (RS, also referred to as \u201cradial scars\u201d) and complex sclerosing lesions (CSL) are uncommon breast lesions often grouped together as a single entity in practice. RS\/CSL have an incidence of &amp;lt;0.1% to 1% at core needle biopsy (CNB). When detected on CNB, imaging and pathology features must be carefully evaluated to determine appropriate surgical management or imaging follow-up due to potential for malignant upgrade at surgery. Detection of RS\/CSL has increased with the advent of tomosynthesis, in which an RS\/CSL is typically detected as architectural distortion with or without associated mass with spiculated margins. On US, an RS\/CSL is most often occult or manifests as subtle distortion with adjacent cysts. Imaging findings cannot distinguish benign RS\/CSL from those upgraded to malignancy at surgery, although larger lesion size may be associated with higher upgrade rates. Histologically, an RS has a central fibroelastotic nidus with entrapped-appearing ducts and proliferative changes at the periphery appearing to radiate from the center; CSL are larger than RS, more disorganized, and typically include multiple patterns of epithelial proliferations, including sclerosing adenosis, sclerosing papillomas, usual ductal hyperplasia, and cysts. RS\/CSL with associated atypia at CNB have a 16%to 29% rate of upgrade to malignancy on surgical excision, thus rendering surgical excision essential. Conversely, an RS\/CSL without associated atypia, particularly when \u22641\u2009cm in size, has &amp;lt;3% rate of upgrade to malignancy at surgery, allowing consideration of imaging follow-up in lieu of excision. Here, we review recent literature as well as radiology and pathology findings of RS\/CSL.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jbi\/wbae046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,30]],"date-time":"2024-08-30T02:09:41Z","timestamp":1724983781000},"page":"646-657","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Radial Sclerosing Lesion (Radial Scar): Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3250-6025","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pamela","family":"Yan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, CA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory","family":"Bean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, CA 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