{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T16:02:17Z","timestamp":1784649737991,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784592000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 CA 016672"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 CA 016672"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018776","name":"Cancer Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 CA 016672"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 CA 016672"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018776","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess variability in parental leave and lactation policies affecting breast radiologists and examine their associations with job satisfaction and burnout.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An anonymous 43-question survey was distributed to U.S.-based physician members of the Society of Breast Imaging between December 2023 and February 2024. Questions assessed parental leave and lactation policies, workplace experiences, and validated items on job satisfaction and burnout. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and multivariable linear regression were performed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>262 respondents (8.0% [262\/3275] response rate) completed the survey. The mean age was 47 \u00b1 10.4 years, with an average of 14.6 \u00b1 10 years of post-training experience; 86% (223\/262) identified as women. Among respondents, 61% (160\/262) were aware of their workplace\u2019s parental leave policy, which included a median of 6 weeks of paid leave (IQR 10). Forty percent (88\/220) were unsure if a lactation policy existed, 57% (125\/220) reported no dedicated lactation time, and 72% (147\/220) were unaware of a designated lactation space. Most respondents (87% [191\/219]) said these policies were not discussed during job interviews, though 59% (128\/216) considered them important when choosing a job. One-third (72\/262) had welcomed a child within the last five years. Among these, 39% (27\/69) reported insufficient lactation support, and 26% (18\/69) stopped breastfeeding earlier than desired due to work constraints. Lactation support was inversely correlated with burnout (r = -0.516, P &amp;lt; 0.001) and positively correlated with job satisfaction (r = 0.440, P &amp;lt; 0.001).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Improved transparency and institutional investment in parental leave and lactation policies by radiology practices may support well-being and retention of breast radiologists.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/jbi\/wbag021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T11:42:53Z","timestamp":1775821373000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Parental Leave and Lactation Policies in Breast Imaging: Insights from a National Survey of U.S. Radiologists"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"given":"Erika J","family":"Wood","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UCLA Radiologic Sciences, Department of Breast Imaging , Los Angeles, CA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-4046-038X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannah S","family":"Milch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCLA Radiologic Sciences, Department of Breast Imaging , Los Angeles, CA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3865-3352","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lars J","family":"Grimm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke University Medical Center, Department of Radiology , Durham, NC ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3191-2865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa A","family":"Mullen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology , Baltimore, MD ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5728-8103","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vandana","family":"Dialani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beth Israel Lahey Health, Department of Radiology , Boston, MA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6090-8713","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James","family":"Sayre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCLA Department of Radiologic Sciences and Biostatistics , Los Angeles, CA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jay R","family":"Parikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Division of Diagnostic Imaging , Houston, TX ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9138-4385","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katerina","family":"Dodelzon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Weill Cornell Medicine at NewYork-Presbyterian, Department of Radiology , New York, NY ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"2026072111043001800_wbag021-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2019.09.024","article-title":"Burnout Phenomenon and Its Predictors in Radiology Residents","volume":"27","author":"Bin Dahmash","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acad Radiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026072111043001800_wbag021-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1093\/jbi\/wbad104","article-title":"Factors Contributing to Disproportionate Burnout in Women Breast Imaging Radiologists: A Review","volume":"6","author":"Dodelzon","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Breast Imaging"},{"key":"2026072111043001800_wbag021-B3","article-title":"Medscape Physician Burnout and Depression Report 2024: We Have Much Work to Do","author":"Medscape"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026072111043001800_wbag021-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1093\/jbi\/wbab012","article-title":"What Causes the Most Stress in Breast Radiology Practice? A Survey of Members of the Society of Breast Imaging","volume":"3","author":"Parikh","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Breast Imaging"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026072111043001800_wbag021-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1093\/jbi\/wbz091","article-title":"Prevalence of Burnout in Breast Imaging Radiologists","volume":"2","author":"Parikh","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Breast Imaging"},{"issue":"22","key":"2026072111043001800_wbag021-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2372","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.14414","article-title":"Childbearing and Family Leave Policies for Resident Physicians at Top Training Institutions","volume":"320","author":"Magudia","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026072111043001800_wbag021-B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e198340","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.8340","article-title":"Gender Disparities in Work and Parental Status Among Early Career Physicians","volume":"2","author":"Frank","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026072111043001800_wbag021-B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2020.11.009","article-title":"Promoting Lactation Support: Challenges and Solutions to Supporting Breastfeeding Radiologists","volume":"29","author":"Harrington","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acad Radiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026072111043001800_wbag021-B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2017.05.018","article-title":"Impact of Procedural Training on Pregnancy Outcomes and Career Satisfaction in Female Postgraduate Medical Trainees in the United States","volume":"225","author":"Davids","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Coll Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026072111043001800_wbag021-B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1097\/HRP.0000000000000246","article-title":"The Impact of Paid Maternity Leave on the Mental and Physical Health of Mothers and Children: A Review of the Literature and Policy Implications","volume":"28","author":"Van Niel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Harv Rev Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026072111043001800_wbag021-B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1626","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.2018180023","article-title":"Addressing Needs of Women Radiologists: Opportunities for Practice Leaders to Facilitate Change","volume":"38","author":"Spalluto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"2026072111043001800_wbag021-B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinimag.2024.110208","article-title":"The impact of the radiology career on family planning: A survey of practicing radiologists and trainees","volume":"113","author":"Burkard-Mandel","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Imaging"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026072111043001800_wbag021-B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1093\/sf\/soz014","article-title":"Are Parental Relationships Improved if Fathers Take Time Off of Work After the Birth of a Child?","volume":"98","author":"Petts","year":"2020","journal-title":"Soc Forces"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026072111043001800_wbag021-B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2018.0320","article-title":"Barriers to Breastfeeding for US Physicians Who Are Mothers","volume":"178","author":"Melnitchouk","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026072111043001800_wbag021-B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2016.11.025","article-title":"Lactation Facilities in US Radiology Practices","volume":"14","author":"Arleo","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Coll Radiol"},{"key":"2026072111043001800_wbag021-B16","author":"Paid Family Leave Across OECD Countries"},{"key":"2026072111043001800_wbag021-B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101045","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2022.101045","article-title":"Inequities in paid parental leave across industry and occupational class: Drivers and simulated policy remedies","volume":"18","author":"Elser","year":"2022","journal-title":"SSM Popul Health"},{"key":"2026072111043001800_wbag021-B18","author":"The Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026072111043001800_wbag021-B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.4278\/0890-1171-19.3.194","article-title":"Reliability and validity of a single-item measure of job satisfaction","volume":"19","author":"Dolbier","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Health Promot"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026072111043001800_wbag021-B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-014-3112-6","article-title":"Using a single item to measure burnout in primary care staff: a psychometric evaluation","volume":"30","author":"Dolan","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026072111043001800_wbag021-B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1913054","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.13054","article-title":"Family Leave and Return-to-Work Experiences of Physician Mothers","volume":"2","author":"Juengst","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"2026072111043001800_wbag021-B22","article-title":"The World \u2018Has Found a Way to Do This\u2019: The U.S. Lags on Paid Leave","author":"Miller","journal-title":"The New York Times."},{"key":"2026072111043001800_wbag021-B23","author":"Travis"},{"key":"2026072111043001800_wbag021-B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"w26617","DOI":"10.3386\/w26617","volume-title":"Why Firms Offer Paid Parental Leave: An Exploratory Study","author":"Goldin","year":"2020:"},{"key":"2026072111043001800_wbag021-B25","author":"CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026072111043001800_wbag021-B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1080\/13668803.2018.1471589","article-title":"Paid paternity leave-taking in the United States","volume":"23","author":"Petts","year":"2020","journal-title":"Community Work Fam"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026072111043001800_wbag021-B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.23.29327","article-title":"A Practical Guide for Paid Family and Medical Leave in Radiology, From the AJR Special Series on DEI","volume":"221","author":"Magudia","year":"2023","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072111043001800_wbag021-B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2351635","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.51635","article-title":"Vacation Days Taken, Work During Vacation, and Burnout Among US Physicians","volume":"7","author":"Sinsky","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026072111043001800_wbag021-B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2021.03.007","article-title":"Is Lactating in the Emergency Department a Letdown? Exploring Barriers and Supports to Workplace Lactation in Emergency Medicine","volume":"78","author":"Moulton","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026072111043001800_wbag021-B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/s0002-9610(03)00272-1","article-title":"An increased risk of breast cancer after delayed first parity","volume":"186","author":"Lee","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026072111043001800_wbag021-B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2020.06.008","article-title":"Supporting a Work-Life Balance for Radiology Resident Parents","volume":"28","author":"Dodelzon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acad Radiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026072111043001800_wbag021-B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2021.1635","article-title":"Delay of Pregnancy Among Physicians vs Nonphysicians","volume":"181","author":"Cusimano","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026072111043001800_wbag021-B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2020.10.013","article-title":"Self-reported Burnout: Comparison of Radiologists to Nonradiologist Peers at a Large Academic Medical Center","volume":"29","author":"Giess","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acad Radiol"},{"key":"2026072111043001800_wbag021-B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinimag.2024.110240","article-title":"Impact of a department-sponsored portable breast pump initiative at a single institution","volume":"113","author":"Atallah","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Imaging"},{"key":"2026072111043001800_wbag021-B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinimag.2021.06.026","article-title":"A lactation credit model to support breastfeeding in radiology: The new gold standard to support \u201cliquid gold.\u201d","volume":"80","author":"Porter","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Imaging"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026072111043001800_wbag021-B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1093\/jbi\/wbaf021","article-title":"Axillary Surgical De-Escalation: In Tune With the SOUND (Sentinel Node Vs Observation After Axillary Ultra-souND) of Change?","volume":"7","author":"Maimone","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Breast Imaging"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026072111043001800_wbag021-B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1093\/jbi\/wbae017","article-title":"Breast Implant Imaging Surveillance Practice: Survey of Breast Imaging Radiologists in the Society of Breast Imaging","volume":"6","author":"Moosavi","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Breast Imaging"}],"container-title":["Journal of Breast Imaging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jbi\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jbi\/wbag021\/69696252\/wbag021.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jbi\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jbi\/wbag021\/69696252\/wbag021.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T15:04:38Z","timestamp":1784646278000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jbi\/advance-article\/doi\/10.1093\/jbi\/wbag021\/8739185"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]]},"references-count":37,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jbi\/wbag021","relation":{},"ISSN":["2631-6110","2631-6129"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2631-6110","type":"print"},{"value":"2631-6129","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]]},"article-number":"wbag021"}}