{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T17:02:19Z","timestamp":1784912539689,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784851200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>For patients who are at high risk for developing complications during or after surgery, cannot undergo surgery, or decline surgery, breast cryoablation has been performed safely and effectively for curative and palliative breast cancer treatment. Cryoablation of axillary lymph node metastases may also be performed safely and effectively and may improve oncologic outcomes (improved disease-free survival and local tumor control) without lymphedema or other significant complications. Before cryoablation, patients should be screened for neutropenia, anemia, and conditions that increase the risk of bleeding or infection. Pre-cryoablation imaging, axillary sonography with supplemental CT or MRI of the brachial plexus, is critical to maximize the likelihood of complete ablation and minimize the risk of skin, nerve, or muscle injury. The axillary lymph node cryoablation protocol is similar to the one for breast tumors and generally involves two to three freeze-thaw cycles. Destruction of tissue surrounding the lymph node is not required unless there is evidence of extranodal extension. For cryoablation of axillary lymph nodes, the best modality for imaging guidance is sonography, although CT and MRI guidance may also be utilized. After cryoablation, axillary and regional nodal ultrasound permits confirmation of technical success and monitoring for residual or recurrent disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jbi\/wbag023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T11:41:16Z","timestamp":1776253276000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cryoablation of Axillary Lymph Node Metastases for the Curative and Palliative Treatment of Breast Cancer"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"given":"Monica L","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Breast Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8221-4333","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deanna L","family":"Lane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Breast Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4962-3466","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Behrang","family":"Amini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Musculoskeletal Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren Q","family":"Chang Sen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Breast Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosalind P","family":"Candelaria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Breast Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lumarie","family":"Santiago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Breast Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"2026072412183518200_wbag023-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5525","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-021-10501-4","article-title":"Cryoablation Without Excision for Low-Risk Early-Stage Breast Cancer: 3-Year Interim Analysis of Ipsilateral Breast Tumor Recurrence in the ICE3 Trial","volume":"28","author":"Fine","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026072412183518200_wbag023-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7273","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-024-16181-0","article-title":"Cryoablation Without Excision for Early-Stage Breast Cancer: ICE3 Trial 5-Year Follow-Up on Ipsilateral Breast Tumor Recurrence","volume":"31","author":"Fine","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"issue":"13","key":"2026072412183518200_wbag023-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2313487","article-title":"Omitting Axillary Dissection in Breast Cancer with Sentinel-Node Metastases","volume":"390","author":"de Boniface","year":"2024","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026072412183518200_wbag023-B4","first-page":"A9302","article-title":"Axillary lymph node dissection versus axillary radiotherapy in patients with a positive sentinel node: the AMAROS trial","volume":"159","author":"Donker","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026072412183518200_wbag023-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1557","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2023.3759","article-title":"Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy vs No Axillary Surgery in Patients With Small Breast Cancer and Negative Results on Ultrasonography of Axillary Lymph Nodes: The SOUND Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"9","author":"Gentilini","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026072412183518200_wbag023-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2023.05.019","article-title":"Breast Cancer Cryoablation Fundamentals Past and Present: Technique Optimization and Imaging Pearls","volume":"30","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acad Radiol"},{"key":"2026072412183518200_wbag023-B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.2147\/BCTT.S197406","article-title":"Cryoablation In The Management Of Breast Cancer: Evidence To Date","volume":"11","author":"Pusceddu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Breast Cancer (Dove Med Press)"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072412183518200_wbag023-B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1053\/j.tvir.2013.12.008","article-title":"Image-guided ablation in breast cancer treatment","volume":"17","author":"Roubidoux","year":"2014","journal-title":"Tech Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026072412183518200_wbag023-B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1093\/jbi\/wbad064","article-title":"Cryoablation Therapy for Early-Stage Breast Cancer: Evidence and Rationale","volume":"5","author":"Thai","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Breast Imaging"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026072412183518200_wbag023-B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3086","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2023.06.030","article-title":"Cryoablation for the Treatment of Breast Cancer: A Review of the Current Landscape and Future Possibilities","volume":"30","author":"Pigg","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acad Radiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026072412183518200_wbag023-B11","first-page":"49","article-title":"Symptomatic Fibroadenoma Resolves Status Post Cryoablation","volume":"102","author":"Ward","year":"(2013). 2019","journal-title":"R I Med J"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026072412183518200_wbag023-B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2009.06.029","article-title":"Cryotherapy for breast cancer: a feasibility study without excision","volume":"20","author":"Littrup","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026072412183518200_wbag023-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1652","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2015.07.020","article-title":"Percutaneous Image-Guided Cryoablation of Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review","volume":"26","author":"Lanza","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072412183518200_wbag023-B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/s12282-024-01643-w","article-title":"Local recurrence and residual tumor rates following cryoablation for small early-stage breast cancers: systemic review and meta-analysis","volume":"32","author":"Tan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Breast Cancer"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026072412183518200_wbag023-B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2438","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-016-5275-3","article-title":"A Phase II Trial Exploring the Success of Cryoablation Therapy in the Treatment of Invasive Breast Carcinoma: Results from ACOSOG (Alliance) Z1072","volume":"23","author":"Simmons","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026072412183518200_wbag023-B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2431392","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.24.31392","article-title":"Cryoablation of Primary Breast Cancer in Patients Ineligible for Clinical Trials: A Multiinstitutional Study","volume":"223","author":"Oueidat","year":"2024","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026072412183518200_wbag023-B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2025.01.048","article-title":"Breast Cancer Recurrence After Cryoablation in Patients Who are Poor Surgical Candidates or Who Refuse Surgery","volume":"36","author":"Jean","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026072412183518200_wbag023-B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e64029","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.64029","article-title":"Microwave Thermal Ablation for Breast Cancer in Africa: A Pioneering Case Report Utilizing TATOpro","volume":"16","author":"Asafu Adjaye Frimpong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026072412183518200_wbag023-B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2021.07.002","article-title":"Freezing Nodal Disease: Local Control Following Percutaneous Image-Guided Cryoablation of Locoregional and Distant Lymph Node Oligometastases: A 10-Year, Single-Center Experience","volume":"32","author":"Autrusseau","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026072412183518200_wbag023-B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-019-02341-3","article-title":"Salvage Lymph-Node Percutaneous Cryoablation: Safety Profile and Oncologic Outcomes","volume":"43","author":"Tsoumakidou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026072412183518200_wbag023-B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-022-03191-2","article-title":"Percutaneous Ablation of Metastatic Lymph Nodes: An Insight from the Comparison of Efficacy and Safety Between Cryoablation and Radiofrequency Ablation","volume":"45","author":"Filippiadis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026072412183518200_wbag023-B22","first-page":"224","article-title":"CT-guided cryoablation of both breast cancer and lymph node axillary metastasis","volume":"32","author":"Pusceddu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Gynaecol Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072412183518200_wbag023-B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.20.22861","article-title":"A Single-Institution Experience in Percutaneous Image-Guided Cryoablation of Lymph Node Metastases","volume":"217","author":"Parvinian","year":"2021","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026072412183518200_wbag023-B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1543","DOI":"10.1007\/s11912-024-01616-4","article-title":"Emerging Indications for Interventional Oncology: A Comprehensive Systematic Review of Image-Guided Thermal Ablation for Metastatic Non-cervical Lymph Node Disease","volume":"26","author":"Chlorogiannis","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr Oncol Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026072412183518200_wbag023-B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2431025","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.24.31025","article-title":"Breast Cryoablation, From the AJR \u201cHow We Do It\u201d Special Series","volume":"224","author":"Challapalli","year":"2024","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072412183518200_wbag023-B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1093\/jbi\/wbz077","article-title":"Implementing breast cryoablation in practice","volume":"2","author":"Ward","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Breast Imaging"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026072412183518200_wbag023-B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4759","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2024.07.017","article-title":"Defining Breast Cryoablation Treatment Success: A Guide for the Curative and Palliative Treatment of Breast Cancer","volume":"31","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acad Radiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026072412183518200_wbag023-B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e259465","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2023-259465","article-title":"Breast cryoablation for the palliative treatment of indolent subtype of multicentric triple-negative breast cancer","volume":"17","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026072412183518200_wbag023-B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2330754","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.23.30754","article-title":"MRI-Guided Breast Cryoablation With the Patient in Prone Position","volume":"222","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026072412183518200_wbag023-B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clbc.2023.01.007","article-title":"Prospective Clinical Trial on Expanding Indications for Cryosurgery for Early Breast Cancers","volume":"23","author":"Kwong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Breast Cancer"}],"container-title":["Journal of Breast Imaging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jbi\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jbi\/wbag023\/69955755\/wbag023.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jbi\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jbi\/wbag023\/69955755\/wbag023.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T16:18:42Z","timestamp":1784909922000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jbi\/advance-article\/doi\/10.1093\/jbi\/wbag023\/8741502"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]]},"references-count":30,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jbi\/wbag023","relation":{},"ISSN":["2631-6110","2631-6129"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2631-6110","type":"print"},{"value":"2631-6129","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]]},"article-number":"wbag023"}}