{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T07:02:00Z","timestamp":1784962920409,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784851200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Pain is one of the most common negative experiences with screening mammography, and it is an unavoidable limitation due to the necessity of breast compression. Unfortunately, mammography-associated pain discourages many women from screening attendance. This article reviews the multifactorial etiologies of mammographic pain: technical, physiologic, psychological, and demographic variables. Because mammography remains the only screening modality proven to reduce breast cancer mortality, it is imperative that radiologists understand the factors contributing to mammography-associated pain and implement evidence-based strategies to mitigate this screening barrier. These strategies include pharmaceutical, physical, technologic, and psychological solutions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jbi\/wbag039","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T11:34:47Z","timestamp":1781004887000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mammography-Associated Pain: Contributing Factors and Mitigation Strategies"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"given":"Anne-Marie","family":"LaBorde","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Ochsner Health System , New Orleans, Louisiana ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Ochsner Health System , New Orleans, Louisiana ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9630-3465","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vilert A","family":"Loving","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Ochsner Health System , New Orleans, Louisiana ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"2026072502361971200_wbag039-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.11110469","article-title":"Swedish two-county trial: impact of mammographic screening on breast cancer mortality during 3 decades","volume":"260","author":"Tabar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026072502361971200_wbag039-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"dju261","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/dju261","article-title":"Pan-Canadian study of mammography screening and mortality from breast cancer","volume":"106","author":"Coldman","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"issue":"2-3","key":"2026072502361971200_wbag039-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(96)03057-6","article-title":"Pain during mammography: characteristics and relationship to demographic and medical variables","volume":"66","author":"Kornguth","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072502361971200_wbag039-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1093\/jbi\/wbaa096","article-title":"Self-reported Pain Associated With Screening With Digital Breast Tomosynthesis","volume":"3","author":"Moshina","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Breast Imaging"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026072502361971200_wbag039-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1422","DOI":"10.12669\/pjms.39.5.7500","article-title":"Effective strategy to cope the pain and discomfort among women undergoing mammography - A randomized controlled trial","volume":"39","author":"Rahim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pak J Med Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026072502361971200_wbag039-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.breast.2013.03.003","article-title":"The effect of mammography pain on repeat participation in breast cancer screening: a systematic review","volume":"22","author":"Whelehan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Breast"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026072502361971200_wbag039-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2482071490","article-title":"Premedication to reduce discomfort during screening mammography","volume":"248","author":"Lambertz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026072502361971200_wbag039-B8","first-page":"E65","article-title":"Evaluation of Barriers Preventing Regular Mammography Screening","volume":"52","author":"Ozcelik","year":"2025","journal-title":"Oncol Nurs Forum"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026072502361971200_wbag039-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.47102\/annals-acadmedsg.2021329","article-title":"Barriers to breast cancer screening in Singapore: A literature review","volume":"51","author":"Rajendram","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Acad Med Singap"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072502361971200_wbag039-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckaa202","article-title":"Are women satisfied with their experience with breast cancer screening? Systematic review of the literature","volume":"31","author":"Pagliarin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072502361971200_wbag039-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-017-2438-2","article-title":"Satisfaction, discomfort, obligations, and concerns in population-based breast cancer screening: cross-sectional study in a Danish population","volume":"17","author":"Gabel","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026072502361971200_wbag039-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-6405.2007.00086.x","article-title":"\u201cIt's much easier than going to the dentist\": high levels of satisfaction in a mammography screening program","volume":"31","author":"Brotherton","year":"2007","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026072502361971200_wbag039-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.214.2.r00fe23547","article-title":"Rates and correlates of discomfort associated with mammography","volume":"214","author":"Dullum","year":"2000","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026072502361971200_wbag039-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejradi.2009.09.003","article-title":"Level of satisfaction during mammography screening in relation to discomfort, service provided, level of pain and breast compression","volume":"1","author":"Myklebust","year":"2009","journal-title":"European Journal of Radiography"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026072502361971200_wbag039-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2128","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare10112128","article-title":"Relationship between Patient Experience Scores and Health Insurance","volume":"10","author":"Markowitz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Healthcare (Basel)"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026072502361971200_wbag039-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.163.7.833","article-title":"Reported pain following mammography screening","volume":"163","author":"Sharp","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"2026072502361971200_wbag039-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-015-0185-2","article-title":"Pain-preventing strategies in mammography: an observational study of simultaneously recorded pain and breast mechanics throughout the entire breast compression cycle","volume":"15","author":"de Groot","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Womens Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026072502361971200_wbag039-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1002\/jmrs.400","article-title":"Mammographic compression practices of force- and pressure-standardisation protocol: A scoping review","volume":"67","author":"Serwan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Med Radiat Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026072502361971200_wbag039-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"081901","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4812418","article-title":"A novel approach to mammographic breast compression: Improved standardization and reduced discomfort by controlling pressure instead of force","volume":"40","author":"de Groot","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026072502361971200_wbag039-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.181.2.1924771","article-title":"Measurement of force applied during mammography","volume":"181","author":"Sullivan","year":"1991","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026072502361971200_wbag039-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1006457520996","article-title":"Pain experienced by women attending breast cancer screening","volume":"60","author":"Keemers-Gels","year":"2000","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res Treat"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026072502361971200_wbag039-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.14744\/cm.2023.70299","article-title":"Pain During Mammography: A Prospective Cohort Study","volume":"15","author":"Karakaya","year":"2023","journal-title":"Comprehensive Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072502361971200_wbag039-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.4274\/ejbh.2020.6068","article-title":"Influence of Discomfort Tolerance of Women who Undergo Mammography on the Perceived Pain Intensity Due to the Procedure","volume":"17","author":"Akansel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Breast Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026072502361971200_wbag039-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radi.2019.10.003","article-title":"Breast compression and reported pain during mammographic screening","volume":"26","author":"Moshina","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiography (Lond)"},{"key":"2026072502361971200_wbag039-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2019.04.006","article-title":"Breast compression and experienced pain during mammography by use of three different compression paddles","volume":"115","author":"Moshina","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072502361971200_wbag039-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/S0885-3924(02)00598-5","article-title":"Does mammography hurt?","volume":"25","author":"Sapir","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manage"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072502361971200_wbag039-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1007\/s12194-017-0429-y","article-title":"Influence of the menstrual cycle on compression-induced pain during mammography: correlation with the thickness and volume of the mammary gland","volume":"11","author":"Kitaoka","year":"2018","journal-title":"Radiol Phys Technol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026072502361971200_wbag039-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.10100974","article-title":"Accuracy of screening mammography varies by week of menstrual cycle","volume":"258","author":"Miglioretti","year":"2011","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026072502361971200_wbag039-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1037\/pha0000258","article-title":"Pack-years of tobacco cigarette smoking as a predictor of spontaneous pain reporting and experimental pain reactivity","volume":"27","author":"De Vita","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026072502361971200_wbag039-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.3390\/bs13050377","article-title":"Experience of Pain and Unpleasantness during Mammography Screening: A Cross-Sectional Study on the Roles of Emotional, Cognitive, and Personality Factors","volume":"13","author":"Montoro","year":"2023","journal-title":"Behav Sci (Basel)"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026072502361971200_wbag039-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2006.03.002","article-title":"Does worry about breast cancer predict screening behaviors? A meta-analysis of the prospective evidence","volume":"42","author":"Hay","year":"2006","journal-title":"Prev Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026072502361971200_wbag039-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000731","article-title":"Racial and ethnic differences in experimental pain sensitivity: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"158","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072502361971200_wbag039-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1353\/hpu.0.0255","article-title":"Race, ethnicity, and pain among the U.S. adult population","volume":"21","author":"Shavers","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Health Care Poor Underserved"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026072502361971200_wbag039-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2009.10.002","article-title":"Racial and ethnic disparities in pain: causes and consequences of unequal care","volume":"10","author":"Anderson","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026072502361971200_wbag039-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1007\/s10900-005-3704-5","article-title":"Pain and discomfort associated with mammography among urban low-income African-American women","volume":"30","author":"Papas","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Community Health"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026072502361971200_wbag039-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2913","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-07-0633","article-title":"Social determinants of Black-White disparities in breast cancer mortality: a review","volume":"17","author":"Gerend","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026072502361971200_wbag039-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1007\/s10865-012-9443-z","article-title":"Underwood 3rd W. Perceived risk for breast cancer and its relationship to mammography in Blacks, Hispanics, and Whites","volume":"36","author":"Orom","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Behav Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026072502361971200_wbag039-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1093\/jbi\/wbab024","article-title":"Anxiety and Its Association With Screening Mammography","volume":"3","author":"Loving","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Breast Imaging"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072502361971200_wbag039-B39","first-page":"CD002942","article-title":"Interventions for relieving the pain and discomfort of screening mammography","volume":"2008","author":"Miller","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072502361971200_wbag039-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnx030","article-title":"Evaluation of the Impact of Physical Exercise in Reducing Pain in Women Undergoing Mammography: A Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"19","author":"Cardoso de Almeida","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026072502361971200_wbag039-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.5152\/ejbh.2019.4480","article-title":"A New Technical Mode in Mammography: Self-Compression Improves Satisfaction","volume":"15","author":"Ulus","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Breast Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026072502361971200_wbag039-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.12809\/hkjr1916939","article-title":"Is pain from mammography reduced by the use of a radiolucent MammoPad? Local experience in Hong Kong","volume":"22","author":"Chan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hong Kong Med J"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026072502361971200_wbag039-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radi.2023.06.013","article-title":"Experience of pain during mammographic screening by three different compression paddles","volume":"29","author":"Moshina","year":"2023","journal-title":"Radiography (Lond)"},{"key":"2026072502361971200_wbag039-B44","article-title":"SmartCurve\u00ae Breast Stabilization System: Patient experience in routine clinical use","volume":"002","author":"Smith","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hologic WP-00141 Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026072502361971200_wbag039-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e232680","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.232680","article-title":"Pain Experience and Image Quality with Curved versus Standard Compression for Breast Cancer Screening Mammography: A Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"312","author":"van der Waal","year":"2024","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"2026072502361971200_wbag039-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2003.12.022","article-title":"Pain during mammography: the role of coping strategies","volume":"108","author":"Asghari","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026072502361971200_wbag039-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1053\/radi.2001.0344","article-title":"The effect of verbal information on the experience of discomfort in mammography","volume":"7","author":"Shrestha","year":"2001","journal-title":"Radiography"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026072502361971200_wbag039-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aorn.2010.04.017","article-title":"Strategies for decreasing patient anxiety in the perioperative setting","volume":"92","author":"Bailey","year":"2010","journal-title":"AORN J"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026072502361971200_wbag039-B49","first-page":"1688","article-title":"A Patient-Centered Approach to Communication during Endoscopic Procedures: The Importance of Providing Information to Patients","volume":"14","author":"Bashkin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026072502361971200_wbag039-B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.797","article-title":"The effect of patient-practitioner communication on pain: a systematic review","volume":"20","author":"Mistiaen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Pain"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026072502361971200_wbag039-B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1093\/jbi\/wbz008","article-title":"Teaching Communication Skills in Breast Imaging","volume":"1","author":"DeBenedectis","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Breast Imaging"}],"container-title":["Journal of Breast Imaging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jbi\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jbi\/wbag039\/69955961\/wbag039.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jbi\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jbi\/wbag039\/69955961\/wbag039.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T06:36:28Z","timestamp":1784961388000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jbi\/advance-article\/doi\/10.1093\/jbi\/wbag039\/8741507"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]]},"references-count":51,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jbi\/wbag039","relation":{},"ISSN":["2631-6110","2631-6129"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2631-6110","type":"print"},{"value":"2631-6129","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]]},"article-number":"wbag039"}}