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This has not been explored within the general population. We aimed to address this knowledge gap using data from the UK Biobank Study, a large population-based study of middle-aged and older adults. Free-living PA data collected at 100\u00a0Hz for 7 d using wrist-worn accelerometers were classified as sedentary behavior (0\u201329 milligravities [mg]), light (30\u2013124\u00a0mg), or moderate-to-vigorous PA (125\u2009+\u2009mg). LS and FN-BMD were assessed using DXA. The associations between PA and BMD were assessed using linear regression models, with formal assessments of sex and age interactions undertaken and adjustments made for accelerometer wear time, height, body mass index, education, ethnicity, disability, and (in women only) menopausal status. In total, 15\u2009133 UK Biobank participants (52% women) had complete PA, bone, and covariate data. In this sample, greater overall and moderate-to-vigorous PA was associated with higher LS BMD. In women, these associations were typically weaker in older individuals, for example, regression coefficients in women aged 70 yr or older were ~50% lower than at 45\u201354 yr (age-by-PA interactions P\u00a0&amp;lt;\u2009.01 in all models). Similar associations were observed in basic but not full models for FN BMD. Greater sedentary time was associated with lower LS BMD in men only, and greater light PA and sedentary time were associated with higher and lower FN BMD, respectively, in both sexes. These results suggest that associations between PA and bone health at clinically-relevant sites are weaker in older than younger women. That positive associations are evident between overall and moderate-vigorous PA and FN BMD even in women \u226570 yr suggests that PA for bone health should still be promoted in older women.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jbmr\/zjae017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,29]],"date-time":"2024-01-29T14:34:16Z","timestamp":1706538856000},"page":"399-407","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Are associations between physical activity and bone mineral density in adults sex- and age-dependent? An analysis of the UK Biobank study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Gallin","family":"Montgomery","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine Research Centre, Manchester Metropolitan University , Manchester M1 5GD , United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Yusuf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health , Department Infectious Disease Epidemiology and International Health, , London WC1E 7HT , United Kingdom"},{"name":"London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine , Department Infectious Disease Epidemiology and International Health, , London WC1E 7HT , United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AGE Research Group , Faculty of Medical Sciences, , Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL , United Kingdom"},{"name":"Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University , Faculty of Medical Sciences, , Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL , United Kingdom"},{"name":"NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Cumbria, Northumberland, Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust , Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL , United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Ireland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine Research Centre, Manchester Metropolitan University , Manchester M1 5GD , United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024050213112555800_ref1","first-page":"1S","article-title":"Consensus development conference on osteoporosis. 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