{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T03:26:27Z","timestamp":1782962787424,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,16]],"date-time":"2024-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729036800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute of Health Fogarty Trent Fellowship","award":["2D43TW009539-06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2D43TW009539-06"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["206764\/Z\/17\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["206764\/Z\/17\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["206316\/Z\/17\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["206316\/Z\/17\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Academy of Medical Sciences GCRF Networking Grant","award":["GCRFNG100399"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GCRFNG100399"]}]},{"name":"sub-Saharan African MuSculOskeletal Network"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"UK Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"UK Department for International Development"},{"name":"European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership 2 programme","award":["MR\/R010161\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/R010161\/1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Understanding bone accrual in adolescents may inform approaches to improve skeletal health and reduce adult fracture risk. We investigated the effect of HIV on bone mineral accrual assessed by peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT). Children with HIV (CWH) on ART for \u22652\u00a0years, and children without HIV (CWOH), aged 8-16\u00a0years (n\u2009=\u2009609), had tibial pQCT scans at 0 and 12\u00a0months. Linear regression estimated sex-stratified differences in change (\u2206) and mean pQCT bone density (trabecular and cortical), size (total cross-sectional area [CSA]), and strength (SSI) between CWH and CWOH, adjusting for socio-economic status (SES) and orphanhood and incorporating an interaction term for baseline pubertal status (Tanner 1-2[pre\/early] vs 3-5[mid\/late]). Structural equation modeling tested whether baseline height-for-age-Z-scores (HAZ) mediate the effect of HIV on \u2206bone outcomes. CWH were more likely than CWOH to be orphans (44% vs 7%), of lower SES (43% vs 27%), and be stunted (30% vs 8%); but similar in age. At baseline and follow-up, CWH had lower trabecular density, CSA, and SSI than CWOH. After adjustment, bone density and strength increased similarly in CWH and CWOH. CWH in mid\/late puberty at baseline had greater 12\u00a0months increases in CSA than CWOH, particularly males (mean difference [31.3(95%CI:\u20133.1, 65.6) mm2 in mid\/late puberty vs \u20132.04(\u201323.8, 19.7) mm2 in pre\/early puberty; interaction p-value\u2009=\u20090.013]). HAZ mediated the effect of HIV on \u2206bone outcomes only in females. as follows: indirect pathways from HIV to \u2206trabecular density [\u20132.47 (\u20134.4, \u20130.5) mg\/cm3], \u2206cortical density [\u20133.26 (\u20135.5, \u20130.9) mg\/cm3], and \u2206SSI [\u201315.76 (\u201327.3, \u20134.2) mm3]. In conclusion, CWH show bone deficits at follow-up. Investigations of bone mineral accrual earlier in life and post-puberty to peak bone mass are needed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jbmr\/zjae169","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,15]],"date-time":"2024-10-15T15:55:29Z","timestamp":1729007729000},"page":"1762-1773","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Changes in peripheral quantitative computed tomography measured bone density, size, and strength in Zimbabwean children with and without HIV over one year: a cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7289-5152","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cynthia","family":"Kahari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine , London, WC1E 7HT,","place":["United Kingdom"]},{"name":"The Health Research Unit (THRU-ZIM), Biomedical Research and Training Institute , 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3168,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Monash University , School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Nursing and Health Sciences, , Clayton, VIC 3168,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School , Bristol BS8 1NU,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruramayi","family":"Rukuni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Health Research Unit (THRU-ZIM), Biomedical Research and Training Institute , Harare,","place":["Zimbabwe"]},{"name":"Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine , London, WC1E 7HT,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2449-0027","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tafadzwa","family":"Madanhire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine , London, WC1E 7HT,","place":["United Kingdom"]},{"name":"The Health Research Unit (THRU-ZIM), Biomedical Research and Training Institute , Harare,","place":["Zimbabwe"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria","family":"Simms","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine , London, WC1E 7HT,","place":["United Kingdom"]},{"name":"The Health Research Unit (THRU-ZIM), Biomedical Research and Training Institute , Harare,","place":["Zimbabwe"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Chipanga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Health Research Unit (THRU-ZIM), Biomedical Research and Training Institute , Harare,","place":["Zimbabwe"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lynda","family":"Stranix-Chibanda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child and 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