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However, no studies have evaluated the metabolomic response to air pollutants and its potential influence on bone health in postmenopausal women. We analyzed data from Women\u2019s Health Initiative (WHI) participants with plasma samples. Whole-body, TH, FN, and spine BMD were determined using DXA at enrollment and follow-up visits (years 1, 3, 6, and 9 visits; Y1, Y3, Y6, Y9, respectively). Geocoded, participant address-specific, daily particulate matter nitrogen oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), particulate matter \u226410\u00a0\u03bcm (PM10), and sulfur dioxide (SO2) concentrations were averaged over 1-, 3-, and 5-yr periods before plasma sampling for metabolomic assessments (at baseline and Y1 visit). The averages were then integrated using masked WHI participant identifiers. Statistical analyses included multivariable-adjusted linear mixed models, pathway analyses, and mediation modeling. At all averaging periods, NO, NO2, and SO2, but not PM10, were associated with taurine, inosine, and C38:4 phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). We found a partial potential mediation of C38:4 PE in the association between 1-yr average NO and LS BMD (p-value: .032). This is the first study suggesting phospholipids may partially mediate air pollution-related bone damage in postmenopausal women.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jbmr\/zjaf059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T14:37:34Z","timestamp":1745505454000},"page":"834-846","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Metabolomic evaluation of air pollution-related bone damage and potential mediation in Women\u2019s Health Initiative participants"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Diddier","family":"Prada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Health Equity Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, NY 10029-5674 ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, NY 10029-5674 ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Environmental Medicine and Climate Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, NY 10029-5674 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vrinda","family":"Kalia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health , New York, NY 10032 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of California , Los Angeles, CA 90095-1772 ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California , Los Angeles 90095 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn","family":"Rexrode","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital , Boston, MA 02115 ,","place":["United 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