{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T23:31:48Z","timestamp":1791329508486,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","funder":[{"name":"UK Ministry of Defence"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Vitamin D may mitigate bone stress injuries in military training by modulating changes in bone. This cross-sectional observational study (Study 1) and randomized controlled trial (Study 2) investigated associations between vitamin D metabolites and tibial structure and density, and the effect of vitamin D supplementation on tibial adaptations to military training. A total of 343 (Study 1) and 194 (Study 2) male British Army recruits participated. Circulating vitamin D metabolites (biologically \u201cactive\u201d and \u201cinactive\u201d) and tibial structure were measured in participants during week 1 and week 12 (Study 2 only) of initial military training. Associations between vitamin D metabolites and HRpQCT outcomes at week 1 were tested in Study 1. Participants in Study 2 were randomly assigned to vitamin D (oral pill or simulated sunlight) or placebo (placebo pill or placebo simulated sunlight) supplementation for 12 wk designed to achieve vitamin D sufficiency. There was no association between total 25(OH)D or vitamin D receptor single-nucleotide polymorphisms and any measure of density, geometry, or microarchitecture (p\u2009\u2265\u2009.063). Higher 1,25(OH)2D was associated with lower cortical porosity and perimeter (p\u2009\u2264\u2009.040). Higher total 24,25(OH)2D was associated with higher trabecular number and lower trabecular thickness (p\u2009=\u2009.016). Higher 25(OH)D:24,25(OH)2D (VMR 1) was associated with higher trabecular thickness, trabecular separation, and cortical porosity (p\u2009\u2264\u2009.034). Higher 1,25(OH)2D:24,25(OH)2D (VMR 2) was associated with lower trabecular number, and higher trabecular spacing and thickness (p\u2009\u2264\u2009.035). There was no effect of vitamin D supplementation on any tibial outcome. Training decreased trabecular area (\u22120.1%), thickness (\u22124.4%), and separation (\u22122.1%), and increased cortical thickness (0.8%) and area (0.9%) (p\u2009\u2264\u2009.042). Vitamin D metabolites and their ratios were associated with tibial size and microarchitecture, but vitamin D supplementation had no impact on the adaptive response to military training.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jbmr\/zjaf064","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,5]],"date-time":"2025-05-05T21:12:47Z","timestamp":1746479567000},"page":"847-859","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Vitamin D and tibial bone density, geometry, and microarchitecture in male military recruits: an observational study and randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1120-8777","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas J","family":"O\u2019Leary","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Army Health and Performance Research, Army Headquarters , Hampshire SP11 8HT,","place":["United Kingdom"]},{"name":"Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, UCL , London W1T 7HA,","place":["United 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7UQ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel J","family":"Oliver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology and Sport Science, Bangor University , Bangor LL57 2DG,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donald","family":"Allan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Physics Department, Salford Royal NHS Foundation , Salford M6 8HD,","place":["United Kingdom"]},{"name":"Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lesley E","family":"Rhodes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL,","place":["United Kingdom"]},{"name":"Dermatology Centre, Salford Royal Hospital, Northern Car Alliance, NHS Foundation Trust 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