{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T19:32:44Z","timestamp":1790019164198,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,14]],"date-time":"2024-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726272000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Osteoporosis results in low-trauma fractures affecting millions globally, in particular elderly populations. Despite the inclusion of physical activity in fracture prevention strategies, the optimal bone-strengthening exercises remain uncertain, highlighting the need for a deeper understanding of lower limb joint loading dynamics across various exercise types and levels. This study examines lower limb joint loading during high-impact exercises across different intensities. A total of 40 healthy, active participants were recruited (mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009SD: age of 40.3\u2009\u00b1\u200913.1\u00a0years; height 1.71\u2009\u00b1\u20090.08\u00a0m; and mass 68.44\u2009\u00b1\u200911.67\u00a0kg). Motion capture data and ground reaction forces of six different exercises: a self-selected level of walking, running, counter-movement jump, squat jump, unilateral hopping, and bilateral hopping were collected for each participant. Joint reaction forces were estimated using lower body musculoskeletal models developed in OpenSim. Running and hopping increased joint forces compared to walking, notably at the hip (83% and 21%), knee (134% and 94%), and ankle (94% and 77%), while jump exercises reduced hip and ankle loading compared to walking (36% and 19%). Joint loading varied with exercise type and intensity with running faster increasing forces on all joints, particularly at the hip. Sprinting increased forces at the hip but lowered knee and ankle forces. Higher jumps intensified forces on all joints, while faster hopping reduced forces. The wide variation of lower limb joint loading observed across the exercises tested in this study underscores the importance of implementing diverse exercise routines to optimize overall bone health and strengthen the musculoskeletal structure. Practitioners must therefore ensure that exercise programs include movements that are specifically suitable for their intended purpose.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jbmrpl\/ziae119","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,12]],"date-time":"2024-09-12T15:17:36Z","timestamp":1726154256000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Lower limb joint loading during high-impact activities: implication for bone health"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1654-3857","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zainab","family":"Altai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sport , Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, , Colchester CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom"},{"name":"University of Essex , Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, , Colchester CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Institute of Public Health and Wellbeing, University of Essex , Colchester CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claude Fiifi","family":"Hayford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Ghana , Legon, Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Phillips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London , London (SW7 2ZA), United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason","family":"Moran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sport , Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, , Colchester CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom"},{"name":"University of Essex , Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, , Colchester CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaojun","family":"Zhai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex , Colchester CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernard X W","family":"Liew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sport , Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, , Colchester CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom"},{"name":"University of Essex , Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, , Colchester CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,14]]},"container-title":["JBMR Plus"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jbmrplus\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jbmrpl\/ziae119\/59123932\/ziae119.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jbmrplus\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/jbmrpl\/ziae119\/59123932\/ziae119.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,14]],"date-time":"2024-09-14T13:26:32Z","timestamp":1726320392000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jbmrplus\/advance-article\/doi\/10.1093\/jbmrpl\/ziae119\/7758137"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,14]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jbmrpl\/ziae119","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2024.03.11.24303795","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2473-4039"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2473-4039","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,14]]},"article-number":"ziae119"}}