{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:52:12Z","timestamp":1790211132627,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":229,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769990400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"BHF Special Project Application","award":["Case Reference SP\/F\/22\/150044"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Case Reference SP\/F\/22\/150044"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Musculoskeletal (MSK) tissues are highly dynamic systems that rely on tightly regulated protein synthesis to maintain homeostasis and structural integrity, adapt to physiological stimuli, and respond to injury. The deregulation of protein synthesis is implicated in a wide range of MSK pathologies. At the core of protein synthesis are ribosomes, complex molecular nanomachines that translate mRNAs and generate proteins. Once considered uniform entities passively exerting their function, ribosomes are now recognized to be heterogeneous in their composition and capable of specialized functions. These emerging concepts of ribosome heterogeneity and specialization are increasingly recognized as key regulators of physiological and pathological cellular processes across fields. Although the MSK field has yet to fully embrace and integrate ribosome-centered research, accumulating evidence suggests that ribosome heterogeneity and specialization might have profound implications for MSK (patho)biology. In this review, we summarize the emerging data across MSK tissues (bone, skeletal muscle, articular cartilage, tendons, and ligaments), highlighting the roles of ribosomes in supporting development, maintaining homeostasis, and facilitating cellular and tissue functions and adaptations, but also driving pathological changes and disease progression. Furthermore, we also outline recent key technological and methodological advances that are critical for uncovering the full scope, significance, and dynamic regulation of ribosome heterogeneity and specialization in MSK (patho)biology. As the field moves forward, ribosome-centered research holds great promise in revealing new mechanisms underlying MSK biology and identifying novel therapeutic targets.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jbmrpl\/ziag018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T12:26:07Z","timestamp":1770035167000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Ribosome heterogeneity and specialization in musculoskeletal physiology and pathology"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9733-444X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alzbeta","family":"Chabronova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Musculoskeletal Ageing Science, University of Liverpool , Liverpool, L78 TX ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guus G H","family":"van den Akker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Experimental Orthopaedics, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Maastricht University , Maastricht, 6229 HX ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tim J M","family":"Welting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Experimental Orthopaedics, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Maastricht University , Maastricht, 6229 HX ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mandy J","family":"Peffers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Musculoskeletal Ageing Science, University of Liverpool , Liverpool, L78 TX ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026022501311410100_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2011.225003","article-title":"Muscle protein synthesis in response to nutrition and 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