{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T17:04:10Z","timestamp":1785258250486,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783555200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"USDA Agricultural Research Service under Cooperative Agreement","award":["58-8050-3-003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["58-8050-3-003"]}]},{"name":"Harvard Catalyst Clinical and Translational Science Center","award":["UL1TR001102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR001102"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008460","name":"NCCIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AT011729"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AT011729"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008460","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"NCI and NHLBI","award":["R01CA138962"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01CA138962"]}]},{"name":"NIAMS\/NIH","award":["R01 AR059775"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AR059775"]}]},{"name":"NIAMS\/NIH","award":["R01 AR070854"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AR070854"]}]},{"name":"NIAMS\/NIH","award":["R01 AR060574"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AR060574"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Sufficient intake of both vitamin D and K may be necessary for bone health. Although the synthesis of osteocalcin (OC) is stimulated by vitamin D, OC needs to be carboxylated, or activated, by vitamin K to deposit calcium into bone. In the VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL (VITAL), there were no differences in 2-yr changes in areal BMD (aBMD) at the spine, hip, or whole body in 771\u00a0U.S. participants (687 with follow-up data) randomized to supplemental vitamin D3 (2000\u00a0IU\/d) vs placebo. In this ancillary study, we investigated whether baseline vitamin K status was associated with changes in bone density and structure and whether baseline vitamin K status modified the effects of supplemental vitamin D on aBMD changes. Higher baseline vitamin K status, as assessed by blood levels of phylloquinone, percent undercarboxylated OC, and dephosphorylated undercarboxylated matrix Gla protein, was not associated with favorable 2-yr changes in aBMD at the spine, hip, or whole body as assessed by DXA, trabecular bone score, or volumetric BMD (vBMD) and bone architecture outcomes at the radius and tibia as assessed by peripheral QCT. The effects of supplemental vitamin D on aBMD were not modified by baseline measures of vitamin K. In VITAL, higher vitamin K status, even when accompanied by supplemental vitamin D, did not prevent bone loss.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Clinical Trial Registration No.: NCT04573946 (ClinicalTrials.gov).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jbmrpl\/ziag110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T11:56:08Z","timestamp":1783511768000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Investigating the interrelationship of vitamin K and vitamin D status on bone density: results from the VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2582-050X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sharon H","family":"Chou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital , Boston, MA 02115 ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA 02115 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah L","family":"Booth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University , Boston, MA 02111 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy R","family":"Cook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA 02115 ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA 02215 ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston, MA 02115 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eunjung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA 02115 ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA 02215 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory","family":"Kotler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA 02215 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueyan","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University , Boston, MA 02111 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie E","family":"Buring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA 02115 ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA 02215 ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston, MA 02115 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JoAnn E","family":"Manson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA 02115 ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA 02215 ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston, MA 02115 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5797-4947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meryl S","family":"LeBoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital , Boston, MA 02115 ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA 02115 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2026072812463322300_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2012.201","article-title":"The role of osteocalcin in human glucose metabolism: marker or mediator?","volume":"9","author":"Booth","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Rev 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