{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T08:50:23Z","timestamp":1791276623077,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785715200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/jcag\/gwag030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,19]],"date-time":"2026-07-19T11:34:07Z","timestamp":1784460847000},"page":"283-292","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sustainability indicators for gastrointestinal endoscopy: a framework proposed by the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology and the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-5315-0430","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Desmond","family":"Leddin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University , Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4H6,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Igoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University , Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4H6,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geoffrey C","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mount Sinai Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X5,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonali","family":"Palchaudhuri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts, 02114,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neal","family":"Shahidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heiko","family":"Pohl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, VA Medical Center, White River Junction , Vermont, 05009,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center , Lebanon, New Hampshire, 03756,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026100603513929500_gwag030-B1","first-page":"e84-92","article-title":"Health care\u2019s response to climate change: a carbon footprint assessment of the NHS in England","volume":"5","author":"Tennison","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Planet Health"},{"key":"2026100603513929500_gwag030-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2210","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2023-331230","article-title":"Carbon footprint of gastroenterology practice","volume":"72","author":"Pohl","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2026100603513929500_gwag030-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1816","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2023-329940","article-title":"Assessment of the yearly carbon emission of a gastrointestinal endoscopy unit","volume":"72","author":"Henniger","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2026100603513929500_gwag030-B4","first-page":"e271-9","article-title":"The environmental footprint of health care: a global assessment","volume":"4","author":"Lenzen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Planet Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026100603513929500_gwag030-B5","article-title":"Environmental sustainability: a definition for environmental professionals","volume":"1","author":"Morelli","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Environ Sustain"},{"key":"2026100603513929500_gwag030-B6","author":"United Nations","year":"2026"},{"key":"2026100603513929500_gwag030-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.7861\/futurehosp.5-2-88","article-title":"Sustainability in quality improvement: redefining value","volume":"5","author":"Mortimer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Future Healthc J"},{"key":"2026100603513929500_gwag030-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1326","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2021-324729","article-title":"Estimating the environmental impact of disposable endoscopic equipment and endoscopes","volume":"71","author":"Namburar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2026100603513929500_gwag030-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2023.12.006","article-title":"The environmental impact of gastrointestinal procedures: a prospective study of waste generation, energy consumption, and auditing in an endoscopy unit","volume":"166","author":"Desai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2026100603513929500_gwag030-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2024-332471","article-title":"Carbon footprinting and environmental impact of GI endoscopy procedures at a tertiary care institution: a prospective multi-dimensional assessment","volume":"74","author":"Rughwani","year":"2025","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2026100603513929500_gwag030-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2025.03.438","article-title":"Carbon footprint of routine endoscopic procedures \u2013 a comprehensive assessment in three U","volume":"101","author":"Gayam","year":"2025","journal-title":"S. endoscopy units. Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"2026100603513929500_gwag030-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2088-4062","article-title":"The carbon footprint of ambulatory gastrointestinal endoscopy","volume":"55","author":"Lacroute","year":"2023","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"2026100603513929500_gwag030-B13","first-page":"12","article-title":"Green endoscopy: British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG), Joint Accreditation Group (JAG) and Centre for Sustainable Health (CSH) joint consensus on practical measures for environmental sustainability in endoscopy","volume":"72","author":"Sebastian","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2026100603513929500_gwag030-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000001604","article-title":"Climate change and gastroenterology: planetary primum non nocere and how industry must help","volume":"117","author":"Haddock","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2026100603513929500_gwag030-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1859-3726","article-title":"Reducing the environmental footprint of gastrointestinal endoscopy: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) and European Society of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Nurses and Associates (ESGENA) Position Statement","volume":"54","author":"Rodriguez de","year":"2022","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"2026100603513929500_gwag030-B16","first-page":"6","article-title":"When small changes add up to system transformation","volume":"15","author":"Zelmer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Healthc Policy"},{"key":"2026100603513929500_gwag030-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/s12053-015-9346-2","article-title":"Applicability, potential and limitations of staff-centred energy conservation initiatives in English hospitals","volume":"9","author":"Morgenstern","year":"2015","journal-title":"Energy Effic"},{"key":"2026100603513929500_gwag030-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vgie.2017.02.007","article-title":"Quality indicators for gastrointestinal endoscopy units","volume":"2","author":"Day","year":"2017","journal-title":"VideoGIE"},{"key":"2026100603513929500_gwag030-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1097\/01.HCM.0000285028.79762.a1","article-title":"Change management in health care","volume":"27","author":"Campbell","year":"2008","journal-title":"Health Care Manager"},{"key":"2026100603513929500_gwag030-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2841830","DOI":"10.17061\/phrp2841830","article-title":"Addressing the carbon footprint of health organisations: eight lessons for implementation","volume":"28","author":"Charlesworth","year":"2018","journal-title":"Public Health Res Pract"},{"key":"2026100603513929500_gwag030-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.3390\/bs13110887","article-title":"How green transformational leadership affects employee individual green performance\u2015a multilevel moderated mediation model","volume":"13","author":"Ding","year":"2023","journal-title":"Behav Sci (Basel)"},{"key":"2026100603513929500_gwag030-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-6105-1_4","volume-title":"Sustainable Supply Chains: Models, Methods, and Public Policy Implications","author":"Boone","year":"2012"},{"key":"2026100603513929500_gwag030-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1177\/1548051817738940","article-title":"Uncovering how and when environmental leadership affects employees\u2019 voluntary pro-environmental behavior","volume":"25","author":"Robertson","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Leader Organ Stud"},{"key":"2026100603513929500_gwag030-B24","first-page":"20","volume-title":"Museum Management and Marketing","author":"Kotter","year":"2007"},{"key":"2026100603513929500_gwag030-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2023.07.030","article-title":"Practical steps to green your endoscopy unit: how to get started","volume":"98","author":"Crockett","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"2026100603513929500_gwag030-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1093\/jcag\/gwae051","article-title":"Template of a climate sustainability plan for medical professional organizations: the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology example","volume":"8","author":"Leddin","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Can Assoc Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2026100603513929500_gwag030-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2353","DOI":"10.3390\/su15032353","article-title":"Practices pursuing the sustainability of a healthcare organization: a systematic review","volume":"15","author":"Mostepaniuk","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"2026100603513929500_gwag030-B28","author":"Health Care Without Harm","year":"2019"},{"key":"2026100603513929500_gwag030-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1929","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2022-327832","article-title":"Climate change: a survey of global gastroenterology society leadership","volume":"71","author":"Leddin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2026100603513929500_gwag030-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-024-10882-8","article-title":"Transitioning to sustainable, climate-resilient healthcare: insights from a health service staff survey in Australia","volume":"24","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"2026100603513929500_gwag030-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2015.08.013","article-title":"Medical waste management \u2013 a review","volume":"163","author":"Windfeld","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Environ Manag"},{"key":"2026100603513929500_gwag030-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1177\/001391659803000506","article-title":"Designing effective instructional signs with schema theory: case studies of polystyrene recycling","volume":"30","author":"Werner","year":"1998","journal-title":"Environ Behav"},{"key":"2026100603513929500_gwag030-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1901\/jaba.1993.26-247","article-title":"Increasing recycling in office environments: the effects of specific, informative cues","volume":"26","author":"Austin","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Appl Behav Anal"},{"key":"2026100603513929500_gwag030-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100076","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joclim.2021.100076","article-title":"Surgery, anesthesia, and pathology: a practical primer on greening the delivery of surgical care","volume":"4","author":"Asfaw","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clim Change Health"},{"key":"2026100603513929500_gwag030-B35","author":"Leddin","year":"2024"},{"key":"2026100603513929500_gwag030-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1993","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.12.044","article-title":"Less is more: a minimalist approach to endoscopy","volume":"154","author":"Shaheen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2026100603513929500_gwag030-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2011.212","article-title":"Overuse of screening colonoscopy in the Medicare population","volume":"171","author":"Goodwin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"2026100603513929500_gwag030-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2023.08.018","article-title":"The carbon cost of inappropriate endoscopy","volume":"99","author":"Elli","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"2026100603513929500_gwag030-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.08.053","article-title":"Recommendations on fecal immunochemical testing to screen for colorectal neoplasia: a consensus statement by the US Multi-Society Task Force on Colorectal Cancer","volume":"152","author":"Robertson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2026100603513929500_gwag030-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"AB324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2023.04.537","article-title":"Carbon emissions from a FIT versus a colonoscopy screening program\u2013environmental impact of travel and waste [abstract]","volume":"97","author":"Pohl","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"2026100603513929500_gwag030-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izad043","article-title":"Composite assessment using intestinal ultrasound and calprotectin is accurate in predicting histological activity in ulcerative colitis: a cohort study","volume":"30","author":"Goodsall","year":"2024","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"2026100603513929500_gwag030-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2022.11.039","article-title":"Noninvasive assessment of postoperative disease recurrence in Crohn\u2019s disease: a multicenter, prospective cohort study on behalf of the Italian Group for inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"21","author":"Furfaro","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2026100603513929500_gwag030-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(00)70352-X","article-title":"Disposable versus reusable biopsy forceps: a prospective cost evaluation","volume":"51","author":"Deprez","year":"2000","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"2026100603513929500_gwag030-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2189-2679","article-title":"One-device colonoscopy: feasibility, cost savings, and plastic waste reduction by procedure indication, when performed by a high detecting colonoscopist","volume":"56","author":"Rex","year":"2024","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"2026100603513929500_gwag030-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.02.015","article-title":"Spotlight: US Multi-Society Task Force on colorectal cancer recommendations for endoscopic removal of colorectal lesions","volume":"158","author":"Kaltenbach","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2026100603513929500_gwag030-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1137-4721","article-title":"Digestive findings that do not require endoscopic surveillance \u2013 reducing the burden of care: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Position Statement","volume":"52","author":"Rodriguez-de-Santiago","year":"2020","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"2026100603513929500_gwag030-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2022.03.006","article-title":"Cold versus hot snare resection with or without submucosal injection of 6- to 15-mm colorectal polyps: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"96","author":"Rex","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"2026100603513929500_gwag030-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2021.10.001","article-title":"Non-sterile examination gloves and sterile surgical gloves: which are more sustainable?","volume":"118","author":"Jamal","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"2026100603513929500_gwag030-B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2010.1215","article-title":"Use of electronic health records can improve the health care industry\u2019s environmental footprint","volume":"30","author":"Turley","year":"2011","journal-title":"Health Aff"},{"key":"2026100603513929500_gwag030-B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2015.09.036","article-title":"Endoscopic electronic medical record systems","volume":"83","author":"Manfredi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"2026100603513929500_gwag030-B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2153","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocac137","article-title":"i-CLIMATE: a \u201cclinical climate informatics\u201d action framework to reduce environmental pollution from healthcare","volume":"29","author":"Sittig","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Med Inform Assoc"},{"key":"2026100603513929500_gwag030-B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2088","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2020.01118","article-title":"Transforming the medical device industry: road map to a circular economy","volume":"39","author":"MacNeill","year":"2020","journal-title":"Health Aff (Millwood)"},{"key":"2026100603513929500_gwag030-B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckac174","article-title":"The impact of switching from single-use to reusable healthcare products: a transparency checklist and systematic review of life-cycle assessments","volume":"33","author":"Keil","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Public Health"},{"key":"2026100603513929500_gwag030-B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000002683","article-title":"Life cycle assessment and costing methods for device procurement: comparing reusable and single-use disposable laryngoscopes","volume":"127","author":"Sherman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"2026100603513929500_gwag030-B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.16380","article-title":"Single-use accessories and endoscopes in the era of sustainability and climate change\u2015a balancing act","volume":"39","author":"Nabi","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2026100603513929500_gwag030-B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104643","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2019.104643","article-title":"Environmental and economic comparison of reusable and disposable blood pressure cuffs in multiple clinical settings","volume":"155","author":"Sanchez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Resour Conservation Recycling"},{"key":"2026100603513929500_gwag030-B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.5811\/WESTJEM.58258","article-title":"Sustainable purchasing practices: a comparison of single-use and reusable pulse oximeters in the emergency department","volume":"24","author":"Duffy","year":"2023","journal-title":"West J Emerg Med"},{"key":"2026100603513929500_gwag030-B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.09.006","article-title":"The environmental footprint of single-use versus reusable cloths for clinical surface decontamination: a life cycle approach","volume":"130","author":"Maloney","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"2026100603513929500_gwag030-B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1002\/aorn.12885","article-title":"An environmental analysis of reusable and disposable surgical gowns","volume":"111","author":"Vozzola","year":"2020","journal-title":"AORN J"},{"key":"2026100603513929500_gwag030-B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2020.10.013","article-title":"Disposable versus reusable medical gowns: a performance comparison","volume":"49","author":"McQuerry","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"2026100603513929500_gwag030-B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2018.02.002","article-title":"Environmental considerations in the selection of isolation gowns: a life cycle assessment of reusable and disposable alternatives","volume":"46","author":"Vozzola","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"2026100603513929500_gwag030-B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2022.06.014","article-title":"Environmental and health outcomes of single-use versus reusable duodenoscopes","volume":"96","author":"Le","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"2026100603513929500_gwag030-B63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2364-1654","article-title":"Environmental footprint and material composition comparison of single-use and reusable duodenoscopes","volume":"57","author":"L\u00f3pez-Mu\u00f1oz","year":"2025","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"2026100603513929500_gwag030-B64","author":"ASGE","year":"2024"},{"key":"2026100603513929500_gwag030-B65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0000000000002667","article-title":"Estimating the environmental impact of endoscopic activity at a tertiary center: a pilot study","volume":"36","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2026100603513929500_gwag030-B66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tige.2021.06.005","article-title":"Endoscopy\u2019s current carbon footprint","volume":"23","author":"Siau","year":"2021","journal-title":"Tech Innov Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"2026100603513929500_gwag030-B67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1177\/0734242X17739968","article-title":"Costs associated with the management of waste from healthcare facilities: an analysis at national and site level","volume":"36","author":"Vaccari","year":"2018","journal-title":"Waste Manag Res"},{"key":"2026100603513929500_gwag030-B68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1931","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000001005","article-title":"Environmental impact of endoscopy: \u201cscope\u201d of the problem","volume":"115","author":"Gayam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2026100603513929500_gwag030-B69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1111\/den.14688","article-title":"Environmentally sustainable gastroenterology practice: review of current state and future goals","volume":"36","author":"Sonaiya","year":"2024","journal-title":"Dig Endosc"},{"key":"2026100603513929500_gwag030-B70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.publhealth.012809.103714","article-title":"Plastics and health risks","volume":"31","author":"Halden","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annu Rev Public Health"},{"key":"2026100603513929500_gwag030-B71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.1c03924","article-title":"Analysis of microplastics in human feces reveals a correlation between fecal microplastics and inflammatory bowel disease status","volume":"56","author":"Yan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"2026100603513929500_gwag030-B72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2309822","article-title":"Microplastics and nanoplastics in atheromas and cardiovascular events","volume":"390","author":"Marfella","year":"2024","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026100603513929500_gwag030-B73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2024.06.031","article-title":"Practical steps to green your endoscopy unit: appropriate management of endoscopic waste","volume":"101","author":"de Latour","year":"2025","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"2026100603513929500_gwag030-B74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare11020242","article-title":"Healthcare waste-a serious problem for global health","volume":"11","author":"Janik-Karpinska","year":"2023","journal-title":"Healthcare (Basel)"},{"key":"2026100603513929500_gwag030-B75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125446","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.125446","article-title":"The carbon footprint of waste streams in a UK hospital","volume":"286","author":"Rizan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clean Prod"},{"key":"2026100603513929500_gwag030-B76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2022-327005","article-title":"Targeted intervention to achieve waste reduction in gastrointestinal endoscopy","volume":"72","author":"Neves","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2026100603513929500_gwag030-B77","first-page":"442","article-title":"Reducing scope 3 carbon emissions in gastrointestinal endoscopy: results of the prospective study of the \u2018Green Endoscopy Project W\u00fcrzburg","volume":"73","author":"Henniger","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2026100603513929500_gwag030-B78","author":"Main","year":"2023"},{"key":"2026100603513929500_gwag030-B79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(24)03245-1","article-title":"TU 1001. The environmental benefits of telemedicine consult: an assessment of carbon emission saved","volume":"166","author":"Morris","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2026100603513929500_gwag030-B80","author":"Our World in Data","year":"2022"},{"key":"2026100603513929500_gwag030-B81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2237545","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.37545","article-title":"Association of virtual care expansion with environmental sustainability and reduced patient costs during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario, Canada","volume":"5","author":"Welk","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"2026100603513929500_gwag030-B82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1093\/jcag\/gwae049","article-title":"Sustainable practice in gastroenterology: travel-related CO2 emissions for gastroenterology clinic appointments in Canada","volume":"8","author":"Galts","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Can Assoc Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2026100603513929500_gwag030-B83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.01.048","article-title":"Transforming gastroenterology care with telemedicine","volume":"152","author":"Siegel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2026100603513929500_gwag030-B84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31327-2","article-title":"Telemedicine for management of inflammatory bowel disease (myIBDcoach): a pragmatic, multicentre, randomised controlled trial","volume":"390","author":"de Jong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026100603513929500_gwag030-B85","first-page":"1","article-title":"Can sustainable hospitals help bend the health care cost curve? Issue Brief","volume":"29","author":"Kaplan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Commonw Fund)"},{"key":"2026100603513929500_gwag030-B86","first-page":"21","article-title":"A continuing journey. Hospitals cut costs and help the environment by reducing waste and conserving energy","volume":"24","author":"Ferenc","year":"2011","journal-title":"Health Facil Manage"},{"key":"2026100603513929500_gwag030-B87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3775","DOI":"10.3390\/en12193775","article-title":"Energy consumption analysis and characterization of healthcare facilities in the United States","volume":"12","author":"Bawaneh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Energies"},{"key":"2026100603513929500_gwag030-B88","author":"Energy UDo. Energy saver","year":"2024"},{"key":"2026100603513929500_gwag030-B89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2963","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2014.2383996","article-title":"A low cost, highly scalable wireless sensor network solution to achieve smart LED light control for green buildings","volume":"15","author":"Magno","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Sensors J"},{"key":"2026100603513929500_gwag030-B90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.33383\/2021-026","article-title":"Economic efficiency of implementation of lighting control in public buildings","volume":"29","author":"Myshonkov","year":"2021","journal-title":"Light Eng"},{"key":"2026100603513929500_gwag030-B91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2023-331867","article-title":"Impact of power consumption and power saving for GI endoscopy (power on study) on reducing CO(2) emissions","volume":"73","author":"Fichtl","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2026100603513929500_gwag030-B92","author":"Plug Load Nuggets: High Performance Buildings Guide","year":"2026"},{"key":"2026100603513929500_gwag030-B93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100625","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2025.100625","article-title":"Ripple effect: safety, cost, and environmental concerns of using sterile water in endoscopy","volume":"4","author":"Agrawal","year":"2025","journal-title":"Gastro Hep Adv"}],"container-title":["Journal of the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcag\/article-pdf\/9\/5\/283\/70408504\/gwag030.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcag\/article-pdf\/9\/5\/283\/70408504\/gwag030.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T07:51:54Z","timestamp":1791273114000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jcag\/article\/9\/5\/283\/8748222"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]]},"references-count":93,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jcag\/gwag030","relation":{},"ISSN":["2515-2084","2515-2092"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2515-2084","type":"print"},{"value":"2515-2092","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]]}}}