{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T14:37:17Z","timestamp":1767969437443,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,27]],"date-time":"2024-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719446400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Clinicians utilize various methods for narrative sampling, including oral assessments like story generation and retelling, often aided by visual aids. Assessing language skills in deaf\/hard of hearing (DHH) children requires careful narrative technique selection. This comparative observational study investigates the narrative outcomes of story generation and retelling tasks in 21 DHH children, using both book and movie contexts. Most microstructural elements (except for the mean length of utterance) were similar across the book and movie conditions. Differences in word choice, such as the use of action verbs, were evident. Macrostructural differences between book and movie conditions were insignificant regarding story grammar elements. However, movies, being visually engaging, potentially enhance the inclusion of characters, settings, plot, and actions. This research illuminates narrative assessment considerations, emphasizing technology\u2019s role in enhancing options for assessment for DHH children.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jdsade\/enae026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,26]],"date-time":"2024-06-26T20:06:43Z","timestamp":1719432403000},"page":"494-509","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Comparing Deaf\/Hard-of-Hearing Children\u2019s Oral Narratives Using Movies and Static Books"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5212-8386","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jane","family":"Puhlman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Maine , 308 Dunn Hall, Orono, ME 04469, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0551-0638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla","family":"Wood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Communication Sciences and Disorders, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Fl, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"2024092011461047300_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-7610.00226","article-title":"Practitioner review: The assessment of language pragmatics","volume":"43","author":"Adams","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry"},{"key":"2024092011461047300_ref2","first-page":"9","article-title":"Using narratives to investigate the language skills of children who are deaf and hard of hearing","volume":"14","author":"Akmese","year":"2016","journal-title":"Educational Research Review"},{"key":"2024092011461047300_ref3","volume-title":"The child's concept of story: Ages two to seventeen","author":"Applebee","year":"1978"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024092011461047300_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1111\/bjep.12353","article-title":"Linguistic comprehension and narrative skills predict reading ability: A 9-year longitudinal study","volume":"91","author":"Babayi\u011fit","year":"2021","journal-title":"British Journal of Educational Psychology"},{"key":"2024092011461047300_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2016.09.007","article-title":"Narratives of children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder: A meta-analysis","volume":"59","author":"Baixauli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Research in Developmental Disabilities"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024092011461047300_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.3233\/RNN-2010-0522","article-title":"Effects of congenital hearing loss and cochlear implantation on audiovisual speech perception in infants and children","volume":"28","author":"Bergeson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience"},{"issue":"11","key":"2024092011461047300_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3833","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2013.07.033","article-title":"Narrative spoken language skills in severely hearing impaired school-aged children with cochlear implants","volume":"34","author":"Boons","year":"2013","journal-title":"Research in Developmental Disabilities"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024092011461047300_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1191\/0265659002ct224oa","article-title":"Narrative as a tool for the assessment of linguistic and pragmatic impairments","volume":"18","author":"Botting","year":"2002","journal-title":"Child Language Teaching and Therapy"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024092011461047300_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2004.00355.x","article-title":"Non-verbal cognitive development and language impairment","volume":"46","author":"Botting","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024092011461047300_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TLD.0000318932.08807.da","article-title":"Narrative abilities: Advances in research and implications for clinical practice","volume":"28","author":"Boudreau","year":"2008","journal-title":"Topics in Language Disorders"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024092011461047300_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1604274","article-title":"Using digital texts in interactive reading activities for children with language delays and disorders: A review of the research literature and pilot study","volume":"38","author":"Boyle","year":"2017","journal-title":"Seminars in Speech and Language"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024092011461047300_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1044\/2020_LSHSS-20-00009","article-title":"The effects of shared e-book reading with dynamic text and speech output on the single-word reading skills of young children with developmental disabilities","volume":"52","author":"Boyle","year":"2021","journal-title":"Language, Speech & Hearing Services in Schools"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024092011461047300_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1044\/2021_LSHSS-21-00062","article-title":"Disparate oral and written language abilities in adolescents with cochlear implants: Evidence from narrative samples","volume":"53","author":"Breland","year":"2022","journal-title":"Language, Speech & Hearing Services in Schools"},{"key":"2024092011461047300_ref17","volume-title":"Expressive One-Word Picture Vocabulary Test","author":"Brownell","year":"2011","edition":"4th"},{"key":"2024092011461047300_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1111\/jar.12268","article-title":"Developing the personal narratives of children with complex communication needs associated with intellectual disabilities: What is the potential of Storysharing(\u00ae)","volume":"30","author":"Bunning","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disability"},{"key":"2024092011461047300_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcomm.2022.798196","article-title":"Exploring the validity and reliability of online assessment for conversational, narrative, and expository discourse measures in school-aged children","volume":"7","author":"Burchell","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Communication"},{"key":"2024092011461047300_ref101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dr.2014.12.004","article-title":"Affordances and limitations of electronic storybooks for young children's emergent literacy","volume":"35","author":"Bus","year":"2015","journal-title":"Developmental review"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024092011461047300_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1007\/s10936-012-9231-5","article-title":"Analysis of narrative discourse structure as an ecologically relevant measure of executive function in adults","volume":"42","author":"Cannizzaro","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Psycholinguistic Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024092011461047300_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1866","DOI":"10.1044\/2020_AJSLP-19-00176","article-title":"Properties of lexical diversity in the narratives of children with typical language development and developmental language disorder","volume":"29","author":"Charest","year":"2020","journal-title":"American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024092011461047300_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599820978247","article-title":"Potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on communication and language skills in children","volume":"165","author":"Charney","year":"2021","journal-title":"Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery"},{"key":"2024092011461047300_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecresq.2018.02.011","article-title":"Language domains differentially predict mathematics performance in young children","volume":"46","author":"Chow","year":"2019","journal-title":"Early Childhood Research Quarterly"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024092011461047300_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1097\/00003446-200110000-00003","article-title":"Analysis of narrative ability in children with cochlear implants","volume":"22","author":"Crosson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ear and Hearing"},{"key":"2024092011461047300_ref26","first-page":"99","volume-title":"The young deaf or hard of hearing child","author":"Culpepper","year":"2003"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024092011461047300_ref27","first-page":"168","article-title":"Children\u2019s narrative story stem responses: Contributions of executive functioning and language proficiency to relationship representations","volume":"28","author":"Dealy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Social Development (Oxford, England)"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024092011461047300_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1111\/1460-6984.12523","article-title":"Young children's narrative retell in response to static and animated stories","volume":"55","author":"Diehm","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders"},{"key":"2024092011461047300_ref29","first-page":"304","volume-title":"Non-word repetition and reading in deaf children with cochlear implants","author":"Dillon","year":"2004"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024092011461047300_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-3588.00325","article-title":"Assessing language skills in preschool children","volume":"6","author":"Dockrell","year":"2001","journal-title":"Child and Adolescent Mental Health"},{"key":"2024092011461047300_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-6984.2012.00164.x","article-title":"Narrative abilities, memory and attention in children with a specific language impairment","volume":"47","author":"Duinmeijer","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024092011461047300_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1044\/1058-0360(2003\/053)","article-title":"Children's story retelling under different modality and task conditions: Implications for standardizing language sampling procedures","volume":"12","author":"Gazella","year":"2003","journal-title":"American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology"},{"issue":"1 Suppl","key":"2024092011461047300_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59S","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AUD.0000051690.43989.5D","article-title":"Predictors of reading skill development in children with early cochlear implantation","volume":"24","author":"Geers","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ear and Hearing"},{"key":"2024092011461047300_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49S","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0b013e3181fa41fa","article-title":"Reading, writing and phonological processing skills of adolescents with 10 or more years of cochlear implant experience","volume":"32","author":"Geers","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ear and Hearing"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024092011461047300_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1177\/02656590231155861","article-title":"Retelling stories: The validity of an online oral narrative task","volume":"39","author":"Gillon","year":"2023","journal-title":"Child Language Teaching and Therapy"},{"key":"2024092011461047300_ref37","first-page":"425","volume-title":"Oxford Handbook of Deaf Studies, Language, and Education","author":"Harkins","year":"2011","edition":"2nd"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024092011461047300_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1044\/1058-0360(2009\/08-0024)","article-title":"Properties of the narrative scoring scheme using narrative retells in young school-age children","volume":"19","author":"Heilmann","year":"2010","journal-title":"American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024092011461047300_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1111\/1460-6984.12078","article-title":"Deficits in narrative abilities in child British sign language users with specific language impairment","volume":"49","author":"Herman","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024092011461047300_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1016\/j.learninstruc.2007.09.013","article-title":"Instructional animation versus static pictures: A meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"H\u00f6ffler","year":"2007","journal-title":"Learning and Instruction"},{"issue":"S2","key":"2024092011461047300_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S38","DOI":"10.1080\/14992020802322619","article-title":"Development of speech intelligibility and narrative abilities and their interrelationship three and five years after pediatric cochlear implantation","volume":"47","author":"Huttunen","year":"2008","journal-title":"International Journal of Audiology"},{"issue":"10","key":"2024092011461047300_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.3109\/02699206.2012.682836","article-title":"How children with normal hearing and children with a cochlear implant use mentalizing vocabulary and other evaluative expressions in their narratives","volume":"26","author":"Huttunen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics"},{"key":"2024092011461047300_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2016.09.010","article-title":"Narrative skills in deaf children who use spoken English: Dissociations between macro and microstructural devices","volume":"59","author":"Jones","year":"2016","journal-title":"Research in Developmental Disabilities"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024092011461047300_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1093\/deafed\/eny048","article-title":"Narrative production in Arabic-speaking adolescents with and without hearing loss","volume":"24","author":"Kawar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024092011461047300_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1080\/00220671.2013.832999","article-title":"Virtual-reality-based social interaction training for children with high-functioning autism","volume":"106","author":"Ke","year":"2013","journal-title":"The Journal of Educational Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024092011461047300_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1177\/0162643420945603","article-title":"Virtual reality-based social skills training for children with autism spectrum disorder","volume":"37","author":"Ke","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Special Education Technology"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024092011461047300_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1080\/08856257.2014.986918","article-title":"Long-term predictors of narrative skill in children with early bilateral cochlear implants","volume":"30","author":"Klein","year":"2015","journal-title":"European Journal of Special Needs Education"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024092011461047300_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.4102\/sajcd.v60i1.6","article-title":"The effect of two different visual presentation modalities on the narratives of mainstream grade 3 children","volume":"60","author":"Klop","year":"2013","journal-title":"South African Journal of Communication Disorders"},{"key":"2024092011461047300_ref100","volume-title":"Language in the inner city","author":"Labov","year":"1972"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024092011461047300_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1080\/14417040701516522","article-title":"Dynamic assessment and its application to children with speech and language learning difficulties","volume":"9","author":"Law","year":"2007","journal-title":"Advances in Speech-Language Pathology"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024092011461047300_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1177\/1468798412458518","article-title":"Spanish vocabulary-bridging technology-enhanced instruction for young English language learners\u2019 word learning","volume":"14","author":"Leacox","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Early Childhood Literacy"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024092011461047300_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1168","DOI":"10.1044\/2022_LSHSS-21-00187","article-title":"Syntactic complexity across language sampling contexts in school-age children, ages 8-11 years","volume":"53","author":"Lenhart","year":"2022","journal-title":"Language, Speech & Hearing Services in Schools"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024092011461047300_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1177\/0265659014531261","article-title":"Phonological awareness and vocabulary performance of monolingual and bilingual preschool children with hearing loss","volume":"31","author":"Lund","year":"2014","journal-title":"Child Language Teaching and Therapy"},{"key":"2024092011461047300_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordhb\/9780190241414.001.0001","volume-title":"The Oxford handbook of deaf studies in language","author":"Marschark","year":"2015"},{"key":"2024092011461047300_ref59","volume-title":"Receptive one-word picture vocabulary test, Fourth Edition (ROWPVT-4)","author":"Martin","year":"2011"},{"key":"2024092011461047300_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233121652110512","DOI":"10.1177\/23312165211051215","article-title":"Functional consequences of poor binaural hearing in development: Evidence from children with unilateral hearing loss and children receiving bilateral cochlear implants","volume":"25","author":"McSweeny","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trends in Hearing"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024092011461047300_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1044\/jshd.5403.438","article-title":"Narrative analysis: Clinical applications of story generation and story retelling","volume":"54","author":"Merritt","year":"1989","journal-title":"The Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024092011461047300_ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1093\/deafed\/env031","article-title":"Facilitating vocabulary acquisition of children with cochlear implants using electronic storybooks","volume":"20","author":"Messier","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024092011461047300_ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1111\/emip.12368","article-title":"The longer-term impact of COVID-19 on K\u201312 student learning and assessment","volume":"39","author":"Middleton","year":"2020","journal-title":"Educational Measurement, Issues and Practice"},{"issue":"15","key":"2024092011461047300_ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1498","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.451","article-title":"Spoken language development in children following cochlear implantation","volume":"303","author":"Niparko","year":"2010","journal-title":"The Journal of the American Medical Association"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024092011461047300_ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0000000000000051","article-title":"Language structures used by kindergartners with cochlear implants: Relationship to phonological awareness, lexical knowledge and hearing loss","volume":"35","author":"Nittrouer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ear and Hearing"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024092011461047300_ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1177\/0142723704043529","article-title":"Preschool children\u2019s narratives and performance on the Peabody individualized achievement test\u2013revised: Evidence of a relation between early narrative and later mathematical ability","volume":"24","author":"O\u2019Neill","year":"2004","journal-title":"First Language"},{"key":"2024092011461047300_ref69","first-page":"227","volume-title":"Educating the other America. Top experts tackle poverty, literacy, and achievement in our schools","author":"Paivio","year":"2008"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024092011461047300_ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.2190\/EC.42.3.d","article-title":"Enhancing time-connectives with 3D immersive virtual reality (IVR)","volume":"42","author":"Passig","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Educational Computing Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024092011461047300_ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2208","DOI":"10.1044\/2014_JSLHR-L-13-0151","article-title":"Dynamic assessment of narrative ability in English accurately identifies language impairment in English language learners","volume":"57","author":"Pe\u00f1a","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024092011461047300_ref72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1044\/2016_JSLHR-L-15-0426","article-title":"Dynamic assessment of narratives: Efficient, accurate identification of language impairment in bilingual students","volume":"60","author":"Petersen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research"},{"issue":"2016","key":"2024092011461047300_ref73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecresq.2015.12.001","article-title":"Development in narrative competencies from oral to written stories in five- to seven-year-old children","volume":"36","author":"Pinto","year":"2016","journal-title":"Early Childhood Research Quarterly"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024092011461047300_ref74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1017\/S0305000900012976","article-title":"The range of narrative forms conversationally produced by young children","volume":"14","author":"Preece","year":"1987","journal-title":"Journal of Child Language"},{"key":"2024092011461047300_ref75","author":"Puhlman","year":"2024"},{"key":"2024092011461047300_ref76","volume-title":"Narratives to Measure Language in Children who are Deaf\/Hard of Hearing: A Scoping Review","author":"Puhlman","year":"2023"},{"issue":"6","key":"2024092011461047300_ref77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1007\/s11145-009-9175-9","article-title":"Children\u2019s oral narrative and reading skills in the first 3 years of reading instruction","volume":"23","author":"Reese","year":"2010","journal-title":"Reading & Writing"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024092011461047300_ref78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1044\/jshr.3701.106","article-title":"Frequency of input effects on word comprehension of children with specific language impairment","volume":"37","author":"Rice","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Speech and Hearing Research"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024092011461047300_ref79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1779","DOI":"10.1044\/2014_JSLHR-L-13-0193","article-title":"Effects of animation on naming and identification across two graphic symbol sets representing verbs and prepositions","volume":"57","author":"Schlosser","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research"},{"key":"2024092011461047300_ref80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903124","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.903124","article-title":"The evolution of an innovative online task to monitor children's oral narrative development","volume":"13","author":"Scott","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"key":"2024092011461047300_ref81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1007\/s10882-015-9441-5","article-title":"Narrative skills of youth with down syndrome: A comprehensive literature review","volume":"27","author":"Segal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities."},{"issue":"4","key":"2024092011461047300_ref83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1017\/S0142716413000556","article-title":"The interactive animated e-book as a word-learning device for kindergartners","volume":"36","author":"Smeets","year":"2014","journal-title":"Applied PsychoLinguistics"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024092011461047300_ref84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AUD.0000069231.72244.94","article-title":"Exploring the language and literacy outcomes of pediatric cochlear implant users","volume":"24","author":"Spencer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ear and Hearing"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024092011461047300_ref85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1177\/1053815110379124","article-title":"The effect of a narrative intervention on story retelling and personal story generation skills of preschoolers with risk factors and narrative language delays","volume":"32","author":"Spencer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Early Intervention"},{"key":"2024092011461047300_ref99","article-title":"Test of Narrative Retell- Preschool (TNR-P)","author":"Spencer","year":"2012"},{"key":"2024092011461047300_ref86","volume-title":"New directions in discourse processing","author":"Stein","year":"1979"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024092011461047300_ref87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.3233\/RNN-2010-0498","article-title":"Audiovisual fusion and cochlear implant proficiency","volume":"28","author":"Tremblay","year":"2010","journal-title":"Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024092011461047300_ref88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1037\/a0017133","article-title":"Low-income immigrant pupils learning vocabulary through digital picture storybooks","volume":"102","author":"Verhallen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Educational Psychology"},{"issue":"9","key":"2024092011461047300_ref89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3550","DOI":"10.1044\/2023_JSLHR-23-00084","article-title":"Story generation and narrative retells in children who are hard of hearing and hearing children","volume":"66","author":"Walker","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024092011461047300_ref90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1093\/deafed\/enab043","article-title":"Oral language acquisition in preschool children who are deaf and hard of hearing","volume":"27","author":"Werfel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education"},{"key":"2024092011461047300_ref91","first-page":"157","volume-title":"Language and reading disabilities","author":"Westby","year":"2005"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024092011461047300_ref92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.3109\/17549500903414440","article-title":"Oral narrative context effects on poor readers' spoken language performance: Story retelling, story generation, and personal narratives","volume":"12","author":"Westerveld","year":"2010","journal-title":"International Journal of Speech Language Pathology"},{"key":"2024092011461047300_ref93","volume-title":"Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals- Screener","author":"Wig","year":"2013"},{"issue":"2","key":"2024092011461047300_ref94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1080\/03323315.2021.1916559","article-title":"Teachers\u2019 use of technology and the impact of Covid-19","volume":"40","author":"Winter","year":"2021","journal-title":"Irish Educational Studies"},{"key":"2024092011461047300_ref95","volume-title":"Woodcock Reading Mastery Tests","author":"Woodcock","year":"2011","edition":"3rd"},{"issue":"5","key":"2024092011461047300_ref96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.102.5.1161","article-title":"Language of early- and later-identified children with hearing loss","volume":"102","author":"Yoshinaga-Itano","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"2024092011461047300_ref97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.21053\/ceo.2017.01011","article-title":"Spoken and written narrative in Persian-speaking students who received cochlear implant and\/or hearing aid","volume":"11","author":"Zamani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology"},{"issue":"14","key":"2024092011461047300_ref98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2309","DOI":"10.1080\/03004430.2019.1572132","article-title":"Oral narrative competence and literacy skills","volume":"190","author":"Zanchi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Early Child Development and Care"}],"container-title":["Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jdsde\/article-pdf\/29\/4\/494\/59209129\/enae026.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jdsde\/article-pdf\/29\/4\/494\/59209129\/enae026.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]],"date-time":"2024-09-20T11:46:40Z","timestamp":1726832800000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jdsde\/article\/29\/4\/494\/7699804"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,27]]},"references-count":88,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,27]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jdsade\/enae026","relation":{},"ISSN":["1081-4159","1465-7325"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1081-4159","type":"print"},{"value":"1465-7325","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,27]]}}}