{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,22]],"date-time":"2025-03-22T04:17:25Z","timestamp":1742617045499,"version":"3.40.2"},"reference-count":115,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Interactions between deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) students and instructors in online distance education (ODE) increased exponentially during the COVID pandemic. To understand this phenomena, we conducted a comprehensive literature review about evolving ODE formats customized for deaf student\u2019s needs. This literature shows increasing multimodal, multilingual, and interactive features. Next, we examined empirical data from a collective case study implemented to better understand ODE phenomena from the perspectives of DHH students and faculty in higher education. We used 4 data collection strategies: (1) in-depth, semi-structured faculty interviews, (2) observations of teaching-learning interactions, (3) focus-groups featuring undergraduate and graduate DHH students, and (4) curriculum document analyses. We coded the dataset using MAXQDA software and uncovered 10 triangulated themes; 4 focus on instructors, 4 center students, and 2 describe student\u2013faculty interactions. Overall, this qualitative analysis is a particularizing account of our participant\u2019s lifeworlds; however, we close with general recommendations for improving ODE practices through research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jdsade\/enae047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T12:17:59Z","timestamp":1730463479000},"page":"248-267","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["\u201cI Learned as I Went\u201d: an online distance education case study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4807-0265","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David R","family":"Meek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Master of Science in Secondary Education (MSSE), Rochester Institute of Technology\/National Technical Institute for the Deaf , Rochester, NY ,","place":["United States of America"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8057-7146","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael E","family":"Skyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Theory and Practice in Teacher Education, University of Tennessee , Knoxville, TN ,","place":["United States of America"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4974-3214","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maggie M","family":"Donaldson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Technical Institute for the Deaf Regional STEM Center (NRSC) and Special Projects, Rochester Institute of Technology\/National Technical Institute for the Deaf , Rochester, NY ,","place":["United States of America"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"2025032016104129400_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.18178\/ijiet.2018.8.3.1029","article-title":"The use of technology in distance education","volume":"8","author":"Abdullah","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal of Information and Education Technology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025032016104129400_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1993","DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-021-10684-z","article-title":"E-learning for deaf and hard of hearing students during COVID-19 pandemic: Challenges and recommendations","volume":"27","author":"Aljedaani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Education and Information Technologies"},{"key":"2025032016104129400_ref3","article-title":"If online learning works for you, what about deaf students? 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