{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T22:14:46Z","timestamp":1784758486722,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":148,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,17]],"date-time":"2025-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739750400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Bryan and Emery introduced a new concept in legal jurisprudence through which a critical examination of how the law deals with deaf people can be undertaken: deaf legal theory (DLT). They define it as \u201chow the law seeks to frame Deaf people\u201d and argue that legal systems should be reoriented to recognise and accommodate the unique perspectives and experiences of deaf people. Current legal systems are biased in favour of hearing people and these bias disadvantage deaf people in a variety of ways, including in their access to justice, employment, and education. The aim of this article is to advance Bryan and Emery\u2019s DLT by expounding its main arguments, situating it within its jurisprudential home of critical legal studies, considering the justification for its existence and providing a framework to apply it. The concept was introduced not within legal discourse but within Deaf Studies discourse and is therefore not yet widely known in legal scholarship. This article aims to bridge the gap between the two disciplines and firmly establish DLT as a legal theory in jurisprudence following which it can be applied to various legal subjects of intellectual enquiry.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jdsade\/enaf010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,28]],"date-time":"2025-01-28T12:16:02Z","timestamp":1738066562000},"page":"293-305","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Deaf legal theory: challenging the law\u2019s hearing bias"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3176-3938","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rob","family":"Wilks","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"2025062423124776900_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"NP1\u2013NP25","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260517730564","article-title":"Violence and disability: Experiences and perceptions of victimization among deaf people","volume":"36","author":"Admire","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Interpersonal Violence"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025062423124776900_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/13613324.2012.730511","article-title":"Dis\/ability critical race studies (DisCrit): Theorizing at the intersections of race and dis\/ability","volume":"16","author":"Annamma","year":"2013","journal-title":"Race Ethnicity and Education"},{"key":"2025062423124776900_ref4","author":"Anti-Social Behaviour","year":"2014"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025062423124776900_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1080\/00222216.2009.11950185","article-title":"Critical race theory and social justice perspectives on whiteness, difference(s) and (anti)racism: A fourth wave of race research in leisure studies","volume":"41","author":"Arai","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Leisure Research"},{"key":"2025062423124776900_ref6","first-page":"391","article-title":"Critical race theory, feminism, and disability: Reflections on social justice and personal identity","volume":"62","author":"Asch","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ohio State Law Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025062423124776900_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2307\/4135716","article-title":"The future of disability law","volume":"114","author":"Bagenstos","year":"2004","journal-title":"The Yale Law Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025062423124776900_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1017\/s0008197300000039","article-title":"Why the history of English law has not been finished","volume":"59","author":"Baker","year":"2000","journal-title":"The Cambridge Law Journal"},{"key":"2025062423124776900_ref9","volume-title":"Disability and Society: Emerging Issues and Insights","author":"Barton","year":"1996"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025062423124776900_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1093\/deafed\/enh025","article-title":"Audism: Exploring the metaphysics of oppression","volume":"9","author":"Bauman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education"},{"key":"2025062423124776900_ref11","first-page":"xv","volume-title":"Deaf Gain: Raising the Stakes for Human Diversity","author":"Bauman","year":"2014"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025062423124776900_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1080\/20403313.2019.1631060","volume":"10","author":"Ben-Zvi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Depth in legal theory. 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