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Four K-3 teachers in an ASL\/English bilingual program received a 2-day training followed by bi-weekly virtual coaching; entry into training was staggered in a non-concurrent multiple-baseline single case design. Teachers\u2019 use of indicators of signed literacy instruction was scored for at least 7 baseline and 2 intervention instructional units per teacher. Visual analysis showed near-zero fidelity during baseline and an immediate jump to 45%\u201360% on the first post-training unit, with 3 teachers accelerating to 80%-90% and 1 maintaining at 60%. Log response-ratio effect sizes ranged from 2.04 to 3.72, confirming large, consistent gains. Social validity interviews indicated that teachers valued the instructional framework, found it feasible, and planned to expand its use the following year. These findings show a functional relationship between SISI professional development and teachers\u2019 implementation of signed literacy instruction. They emphasize the value of professional development and suggest that signed literacy instruction can be embedded in early elementary curricula to promote deaf children\u2019s signing skills.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jdsade\/enaf062","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T11:25:33Z","timestamp":1758540333000},"page":"16-25","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Professional development and signed literacy instruction: evidence from a multiple-baseline design"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Leala","family":"Holcomb","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Deafness, University of Tennessee, Knoxville , Frederick, MD 21707 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leah","family":"Oakes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Deafness, University of Tennessee, Knoxville , Frederick, MD 21707 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2025122307320483900_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1080\/01411920500401997","article-title":"The effect of grammar teaching on writing development","volume":"32","author":"Andrews","year":"2006","journal-title":"British Educational Research Journal"},{"key":"2025122307320483900_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1007\/s10643-018-0894-x","article-title":"Integrating writing into the early childhood curriculum: A frame for intentional and meaningful writing experiences","volume":"46","author":"Bingham","year":"2018","journal-title":"Early Childhood Education Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025122307320483900_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18666\/ldmj-2018-v23-i2-9042","article-title":"The efficacy of graphic organizers on the writing outcomes of students with learning disabilities: A research synthesis of single-case studies","volume":"23","author":"Boon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Learning Disabilities: A Multidisciplinary Journal"},{"key":"2025122307320483900_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4324\/9781032682914","volume-title":"Writing thief: Using mentor texts to teach the craft of writing","author":"Culham","year":"2023"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025122307320483900_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1093\/deafed\/enj033","article-title":"Blue Listerine, parochialism, and ASL literacy","volume":"11","author":"Czubek","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025122307320483900_ref8","first-page":"46","article-title":"Teacher learning: What matters?","volume":"66","author":"Darling-Hammond","year":"2009","journal-title":"Educational Leadership"},{"issue":"8","key":"2025122307320483900_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.58680\/la199425240","article-title":"Nonfiction: A genre study for the primary classroom","volume":"71","author":"Duthie","year":"1994","journal-title":"Language Arts"},{"key":"2025122307320483900_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.37514\/JBW-J.2007.26.1.05","article-title":"When is a verb? 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