{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T06:01:39Z","timestamp":1784959299109,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763596800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Early access to sign language is considered fundamental for the development of deaf children; however, around 90% of them are born in hearing families who do not know this language. As a result, early language development of deaf children can be profoundly affected by their lack of exposure to an accessible language. This study sought to examine how hearing parents of deaf children relate to sign language and the process of learning it. A descriptive, analytical, and relational study was conducted, following a qualitative approach based on Grounded Theory. Interviews to 13 parents of two schools for deaf children in Chile were transcribed and analyzed, using open and axial codification strategies. Emerging codes were grouped into four main categories: parents\u2019 experiences related to medical diagnosis, school experiences, sign language learning, and communication. Diagnosis is described as a moment of emotional shock, in which parents are faced with a medical approach toward deafness that excludes sign language. The school for the deaf is fundamental in sign language learning, and parents reach different levels of competency in it. We suggest incorporating a social approach to deafness upon diagnosis and providing interdisciplinary support for parents so they may learn about the Deaf community and begin learning sign language sooner.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jdsade\/enaf073","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T15:23:59Z","timestamp":1763652239000},"page":"510-520","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Why learn sign language? Medical influence on hearing parents decisions"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9042-8394","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catalina","family":"S\u00e1nchez Herrera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Departamento de Psicolog\u00eda, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile , Santiago ,","place":["Chile"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9740-6853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Rosa","family":"Lissi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Departamento de Psicolog\u00eda, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile , Santiago ,","place":["Chile"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcela Aracena","family":"\u00c1lvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Departamento de Psicolog\u00eda, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile , Santiago ,","place":["Chile"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2026072501413841200_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1080\/10489223.2023.2178312","article-title":"Parent American sign language skills correlate with child\u2014but not toddler\u2014ASL vocabulary size","volume":"31","author":"Berger","year":"2023","journal-title":"Language Acquisition"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026072501413841200_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1179\/146431506790560120","article-title":"Family functioning, early intervention support, and spoken language and placement outcomes for children with profound hearing loss","volume":"8","author":"Brown","year":"2006","journal-title":"Deafness & Education International"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026072501413841200_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1590\/1982-0216201820317417","article-title":"Enfoques terap\u00e9uticos en centros de intervenci\u00f3n para ni\u00f1os Sordos en la regi\u00f3n metropolitana de Chile: Acceso en salud y educaci\u00f3n","volume":"20","author":"Bustos Rubilar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Revista CEFAC"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026072501413841200_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1093\/deafed\/5.2.140","article-title":"Parental involvement in deaf children\u2019s education programs as a predictor of child\u2019s language, early reading, and social-emotional development","volume":"5","author":"Calderon","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education"},{"key":"2026072501413841200_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2021.01.029","article-title":"Deaf children of hearing parents have age level vocabulary growth when exposed to American sign language by 6 months of age","volume":"232","author":"Caselli","year":"2021","journal-title":"The Journal of Pediatrics"},{"key":"2026072501413841200_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.15021\/00009871","article-title":"Constructing a profile of successful L2 signer hearing parents of deaf children","volume":"107","author":"Chen Pichler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Senri Ethnological Studies"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026072501413841200_ref8","first-page":"355","article-title":"Heritage signers: Bimodal bilingual children from deaf families","volume":"18","author":"Chen Pichler","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proceedings of GALA (Generative Approaches to Language Acquisition)"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026072501413841200_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1080\/10573569.2013.878123","article-title":"The importance of early sign language acquisition for deaf readers","volume":"32","author":"Clark","year":"2016","journal-title":"Reading & Writing Quarterly: Overcoming Learning Difficulties"},{"key":"2026072501413841200_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315134543","volume-title":"The research act: A theoretical introduction to sociological methods","author":"Denzin","year":"2009"},{"key":"2026072501413841200_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/children10071129","article-title":"Experiences of hearing parents of children with hearing loss: A qualitative study Preprints","volume-title":"Children","author":"Dike\u00e7","year":"2023"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026072501413841200_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2008.03218.x","article-title":"Correlates of mental health disorders among children with hearing impairments","volume":"51","author":"Fellinger","year":"2009","journal-title":"Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026072501413841200_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.3390\/audiolres11040060","article-title":"Benefits of parent training in the rehabilitation of deaf or hard of hearing children of hearing parents: A systematic review","volume":"11","author":"Giallini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Audiology Research"},{"key":"2026072501413841200_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1097\/00006199-196807000-00014","volume-title":"The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research","author":"Glaser","year":"1967"},{"key":"2026072501413841200_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.4236\/psych.2020.115049","article-title":"The deaf mentor program: Benefits to families","volume":"11","author":"Hamilton","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychology"},{"key":"2026072501413841200_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1982","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2016.01982","article-title":"American sign language syntax and analogical reasoning skills are influenced by early acquisition and age of entry to signing schools for the deaf","volume":"07","author":"Henner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"key":"2026072501413841200_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10538151241304752","article-title":"Empowering families of deaf children: A qualitative study on parental experiences in early intervention","author":"Hopkins","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Early Intervention"},{"key":"2026072501413841200_ref23","volume-title":"La importancia del tamizaje auditivo universal","author":"Huidobro","year":"2023"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026072501413841200_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1086\/689543","article-title":"Avoiding linguistic neglect of deaf children","volume":"90","author":"Humphries","year":"2016","journal-title":"Social Service Review"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026072501413841200_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1136\/medethics-2015-103242","article-title":"Discourses of prejudice in the professions: The case of sign languages","volume":"43","author":"Humphries","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Ethics"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026072501413841200_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.3390\/children9111609","article-title":"Deaf children need rich language input from the start: Support in advising parents","volume":"9","author":"Humphries","year":"2022","journal-title":"Children"},{"key":"2026072501413841200_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1353\/aad.2012.0682","article-title":"Parental reaction to a child\u2019s hearing impairment","volume":"134","author":"Kampfe","year":"1989","journal-title":"American Annals of the Deaf"},{"key":"2026072501413841200_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4102\/ajod.v13i0.1511","article-title":"South African parents\u2019 views on oral, signing, and bilingual communication for deaf or hard-of-hearing children","volume":"13","author":"Khoza-Shangase","year":"2024","journal-title":"African Journal of Disability (Online)"},{"key":"2026072501413841200_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1002\/mrdd.10085","article-title":"Families and children with hearing loss: Grief and coping","volume":"9","author":"Kurtzer-White","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026072501413841200_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1093\/deafed\/enr015","article-title":"Mode of communication, perceived level of understanding, and perceived quality of life in youth who are deaf or hard of hearing","volume":"16","author":"Kushalnagar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072501413841200_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/deafed\/enl015","article-title":"Mental health in deaf adults: Symptoms of anxiety and depression among hearing and deaf individuals","volume":"12","author":"Kvam","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education"},{"key":"2026072501413841200_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780190880545.003.0010","volume-title":"Evidence-based practices in deaf education","author":"Kyle","year":"2018"},{"key":"2026072501413841200_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21832\/9781853595479","volume-title":"Understanding deaf culture","author":"Ladd","year":"2003"},{"key":"2026072501413841200_ref34a","year":"2010"},{"key":"2026072501413841200_ref35","volume-title":"Establece normas sobre igualdad de oportunidades e inclusi\u00f3n social de personas con discapacidad,","author":"Ley No. 21303, art. 6","year":"2021"},{"key":"2026072501413841200_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1515\/applirev-2021-0120","article-title":"Hearing parents learning American sign language with their deaf children: A mixed methods survey","volume":"15","author":"Lieberman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Applied Linguistics Review"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026072501413841200_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1177\/02711214211031307","article-title":"Family ASL: An early start to equitable education for deaf children","volume":"43","author":"Lillo-Martin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Topics in Early Childhood Special Education"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026072501413841200_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1075\/lab.6.6.01lil","article-title":"The development of bimodal bilingualism: Implications for linguistic theory","volume":"6","author":"Lillo-Martin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Linguistic approaches to bilingualism"},{"key":"2026072501413841200_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780190880514.003.0017","volume-title":"Deaf education beyond the western world: Context, challenges, and prospects","author":"Lissi","year":"2019"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026072501413841200_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.4067\/S0718-07052012000200019","article-title":"El Enfoque Biling\u00fce en la Educaci\u00f3n de Sordos: Sus implicancias Para la ense\u00f1anza y aprendizaje de la Lengua escrita","volume":"38","author":"Lissi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Estudios pedag\u00f3gicos (Valdivia)"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026072501413841200_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.47604\/ajep.1159","article-title":"Challenges parents face in learning Kenyan sign language: Hearing parents of deaf children\u2019s perspectives","volume":"6","author":"Luchivya","year":"2020","journal-title":"African Journal of Education and Practice"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026072501413841200_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1093\/deafed\/ens020","article-title":"First information parents receive after UNHS detection of their baby\u2019s hearing loss","volume":"17","author":"Matthijs","year":"2012","journal-title":"The Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education"},{"key":"2026072501413841200_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5749\/minnesota\/9780816697243.001.0001","volume-title":"Made to hear: Cochlear implants and raising deaf children","author":"Mauldin","year":"2016"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026072501413841200_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1093\/deafed\/enq049","article-title":"Reading achievement in relation to phonological coding and awareness in deaf readers: A meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Mayberry","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education"},{"key":"2026072501413841200_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordhb\/9780199935345.013.19","volume-title":"Oxford handbook topics in linguistics","author":"Meier","year":"2016"},{"key":"2026072501413841200_ref47","volume-title":"Manual de apoyo a sostenedores y establecimientos educacionales, Para la implementaci\u00f3n del Programa de Integraci\u00f3n escolar (PIE), en el Marco de la Inclusi\u00f3n","author":"Ministerio de Educaci\u00f3n [MINEDUC]","year":"2016"},{"key":"2026072501413841200_ref48","volume-title":"Orientaciones t\u00e9cnicas Para establecimientos educacionales con estudiantes Sordos","author":"Ministerio de Educaci\u00f3n [MINEDUC]","year":"2022"},{"key":"2026072501413841200_ref49","volume-title":"Panorama Nacional Educaci\u00f3n de Estudiantes con Discapacidad Auditiva","author":"Ministerio de Educaci\u00f3n [MINEDUC]","year":"2024"},{"key":"2026072501413841200_ref50","volume-title":"Ley 21303","author":"Ministerio de Desarrollo Social y Familia [MDSF]","year":"2021"},{"key":"2026072501413841200_ref52","volume-title":"Acciones desarrolladas por el Ministerio de Educaci\u00f3n para el fortalecimiento de la educaci\u00f3n de estudiantes sordos","author":"Ministerio de Educaci\u00f3n de Chile [MINEDUC]","year":"2024"},{"key":"2026072501413841200_ref53","volume-title":"Gu\u00eda de Pr\u00e1ctica Cl\u00ednica Hipoacusia en reci\u00e9n nacidos, ni\u00f1os y ni\u00f1as menores de 4 a\u00f1os","author":"Ministerio de Salud de Chile [MINSAL]","year":"2018"},{"key":"2026072501413841200_ref54","volume-title":"Plan nacional de salud auditiva y cuidado del o\u00eddo Para Chile 2021\u20132030","author":"Ministerio de Salud de Chile [MINSAL]","year":"2022"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026072501413841200_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1093\/deafed\/ent034","article-title":"Best practices in family-centered early intervention for children who are deaf or hard of hearing: An international consensus statement","volume":"18","author":"Moeller","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education"},{"key":"2026072501413841200_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2014.01217","article-title":"On language acquisition in speech and sign: Development of combinatorial structure in both modalities","volume":"5","author":"Morgan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"key":"2026072501413841200_ref57","volume-title":"Regional and national summary report of data from the 2013\u201314 annual survey of deaf and hard of hearing children and youth","author":"Office of Research Support and International Affairs","year":"2014"},{"issue":"15","key":"2026072501413841200_ref58","first-page":"267","article-title":"Las personas sordas Como minor\u00eda cultural y ling\u00fc\u00edstica","volume":"6","author":"P\u00e9rez de la Fuente","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dilemata"},{"key":"2026072501413841200_ref59","volume-title":"Signs for change: Analyzing biases in online resources for parents of deaf and hard of hearing children","author":"Pire","year":"2018"},{"key":"2026072501413841200_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/01434632.2024.2359634","article-title":"Hearing parents as sign language learners: Describing and evaluating the ASL skills of parents learning ASL with their deaf children","volume":"1\u201318","author":"Pontecorvo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072501413841200_ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1093\/deafed\/enad032","article-title":"A qualitative study of mothers\u2019 experiences adopting deaf or hard-of-hearing children","volume":"29","author":"Rosenzweig","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education"},{"key":"2026072501413841200_ref62a","author":"Servicio Nacional de la Discapacidad","year":"2022"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026072501413841200_ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1080\/14992027.2017.1301683","article-title":"The parents\u2019 perspective of the early diagnostic period of their child with hearing loss: Information and support","volume":"57","author":"Scarinci","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Journal of Audiology"},{"key":"2026072501413841200_ref64","volume-title":"Universal newborn hearing screening: A pending task in Chile","author":"School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile","year":"2019"},{"key":"2026072501413841200_ref66","volume-title":"Bases de la investigaci\u00f3n cualitativa: T\u00e9cnicas y procedimientos para desarrollar la teor\u00eda fundamentada","author":"Strauss","year":"2002"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026072501413841200_ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1093\/deafed\/enw007","article-title":"Hearing parents\u2019 appraisals of parenting a deaf or hard-of-hearing child: Application of a positive psychology framework","volume":"21","author":"Szarkowski","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education"},{"key":"2026072501413841200_ref69","volume-title":"Introducci\u00f3n a los m\u00e9todos cualitativos de investigaci\u00f3n","author":"Taylor","year":"1987","edition":"1a"},{"key":"2026072501413841200_ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1145\/2049536.2049554","volume-title":"The proceedings of the 13th international ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility","author":"Weaver","year":"2011"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026072501413841200_ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1093\/deafed\/enl033","article-title":"Universal newborn hearing screening and early identification of deafness: Parents\u2019 responses to knowing early and their expectations of child communication development","volume":"12","author":"Young","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education"},{"key":"2026072501413841200_ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/9781009380720","volume-title":"A family-centered signed language curriculum to support deaf children\u2019s language acquisition","author":"Zarchy","year":"2023"}],"container-title":["Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jdsde\/article-pdf\/31\/3\/510\/65408697\/enaf073.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jdsde\/article-pdf\/31\/3\/510\/65408697\/enaf073.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T05:41:45Z","timestamp":1784958105000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jdsde\/article\/31\/3\/510\/8329295"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jdsade\/enaf073","relation":{},"ISSN":["1081-4159","1465-7325"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1081-4159","type":"print"},{"value":"1465-7325","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]]}}}