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CMS has been recently discovered in wild animals, in the freshwater snail Physa acuta. In this species, CMS is associated with two extremely divergent mitogenomes D and K compared to the classical mitogenome N. D individuals are male-steriles, while male fertility is restored in K individuals. We hypothesized that the extreme divergence of mitogenomes associated with CMS can impact mitochondrial aerobic metabolism, a necessary process in eukaryotic organisms by which energy is transduced from food to ATP. Our results suggest that CMS might be associated with an alteration of co-encoded complex I in D male-sterile individuals, although partly compensated by the nuclear-encoded complex II. K restored hermaphrodites have an unaffected complex I respiration, but exhibit higher mitochondrial proton leak and higher relative anaerobic contribution to cellular metabolism, suggesting an energy cost of bearing CMS and restorer genes, which could underlie the reduced growth of K mitotype. How complex I alteration might induce male-sterility remains to be determined, but could be linked to oxidative stress or a defect in ATP-synthesis rate.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/jeb\/voag022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T14:48:35Z","timestamp":1774968515000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cytoplasmic male sterility and mitochondrial metabolism: evidence for low complex I contribution in male-sterile freshwater snail\n                    <i>Physa acuta<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-8256-8671","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sophie","family":"Bererd","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d\u2019Ecologie des Hydrosyst\u00e8mes Naturels et Anthropis\u00e9s, CNRS UMR 5023 Universit\u00e9 Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Universit\u00e9 de Lyon , Lyon ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Damien","family":"Roussel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d\u2019Ecologie des Hydrosyst\u00e8mes Naturels et Anthropis\u00e9s, CNRS UMR 5023 Universit\u00e9 Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Universit\u00e9 de Lyon , Lyon ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandrine","family":"Pl\u00e9net","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d\u2019Ecologie des Hydrosyst\u00e8mes Naturels et Anthropis\u00e9s, CNRS UMR 5023 Universit\u00e9 Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Universit\u00e9 de Lyon , Lyon ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lo\u00efc","family":"Teulier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d\u2019Ecologie des Hydrosyst\u00e8mes Naturels et Anthropis\u00e9s, CNRS UMR 5023 Universit\u00e9 Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Universit\u00e9 de Lyon , Lyon ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antoine","family":"Stier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, UMR7178 , 67000 Strasbourg ,","place":["France"]},{"name":"University of Turku Department of Biology, , Turku ,","place":["Finland"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emilien","family":"Luquet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d\u2019Ecologie des Hydrosyst\u00e8mes Naturels et Anthropis\u00e9s, CNRS UMR 5023 Universit\u00e9 Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Universit\u00e9 de Lyon , Lyon ,","place":["France"]},{"name":"Institut Universitaire de France (IUF) , Paris ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"2026041711012939800_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F79","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-22-0126","article-title":"OXIDATIVE STRESS AND REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION\u202f: The impact of oxidative stress on reproduction: a focus on gametogenesis and fertilization","volume":"164","author":"Aitken","year":"2022","journal-title":"Reproduction (Cambridge, England)"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026041711012939800_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2178","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0014-3820.2002.tb00142.x","article-title":"A Cost of Restoration of Male Fertility in a Gynodioecious Species, Lobelia Siphilitica","volume":"56","author":"Bailey","year":"2002","journal-title":"Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution"},{"issue":"23","key":"2026041711012939800_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14210","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.23.14210","article-title":"Human xenomitochondrial cybrids. 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